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Renal Kaplan > Physiology > Flashcards

Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

Pronephros develops at what week of development

A

4th week

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2
Q

Mesonephros develops at what week of development

A

5th week

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3
Q

Adult derivatives of the mesonephros

A

Mesonephric ducts:

  • Men: ureters, ductus epididymis, ductus deferens, ejaculatory duct
  • Females: ureters
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4
Q

Metanephros develops at what week of development

A

5th week

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5
Q

Early degeneration of the ureteric bud leads to the development of what pathology

A

Renal agenesis

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6
Q

Formula for volumen of a compartment

A

V = A/C

  • Volume of the compartment to be measured
  • A = amount of tracer
  • C = concentration of the tracer in the compartment to be measured
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7
Q

Macromolecule present in the glomerular basement membrane that gives it a negative charge

A

Heparan sulfate

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8
Q

Formula for filtration fraction

A

FF = GFR/RPF (normal value is 20%)

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9
Q

Formula for filtered load

A

Filtered load = GFR x plasma concentration of the drug being filtered

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10
Q

Formula for GFR

A

GFR = urine concentration x urine flow / plasma concentration

*Same as CLEARANCE!

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11
Q

Formulas for RBF

A
  • RBF = RPF / (1-hematocrit)

* RBF = (renal artery pressure - renal vein pressure) / renal vascular resistance

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12
Q

Organic anions secreted by renal tubules

A
  • Penicillin
  • Furosemide
  • Acetazolamide
  • Salicylate
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13
Q

Plasma glucose at which nephron glucose transporters reach Tmax

A

350 mg/dL

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14
Q

PTH actions on the kidney

A
  • Increases distal tubule calcium reabsorption
  • Decreases proximal tubule phosphate reabsorption
  • Increases proximal tubule 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D
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15
Q

Most common site of obstruction in a newborn due to failure to canalize

A

Ureteropelvic junction

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16
Q

A horseshoe kidney is formed due to entrapment of the ascending developing kidneys in which structure

A

Inferior mesenteric artery

17
Q

Formula for excretion rate

A

V x Ux

18
Q

Causes of potassium shifts out of the cell

A

“DO LABSS”

  • Digitalis
  • Osmolarity (hyper)
  • Lysis of cells
  • Acidosis
  • Beta blocker
  • Sugar (high blood sugar, insulin deficiency)
  • Succinylcholine
19
Q

Winter’s formula (predicted respiratory compensation for a simple metabolic acidosis)

A

Pco2 = 1.5 (HCO3) + 8 +/- 2

20
Q

Causes of normal anion gap metabolic acidosis

A

“HARDASS”

  • Hyperalimentation
  • Addison disease
  • Renal tubular acidosis
  • Diarrhea
  • Acetazolamide
  • Spironolactone
  • Saline infusion
21
Q

Urinary chloride levels to determine if a metabolic alkalosis is chloride responsive or nonresponsive

A
  • Greater than 10 = chloride responsive (vomiting and diuretics)
  • Less than 10 = chloride nonresponsive (mineralocorticoid excess)
22
Q

Plasma glucose levels at which glucosuria is evident

A

160 - 200 mg/dl

23
Q

Mechanism through which renal blood flow (RBF) is regulated as systolic blood pressure (SBP) increases (autoregulation mechanism)

A

Afferent arteriolar constriction

24
Q

Main mechanisms through which autoregulation takes place

A
  • Myogenic response (main, rapid): vascular smooth muscle cells contract in response to increased wall tension
  • Tubuloglomerular feedback: increased SBP leads to increased GFR, which in turn leads to increase NaCl delivery to the macula densa (MD); MD then ATP and adenosine, which in turn stimulate contraction of the afferent arteriole
25
Q

Inhibitors of ADH release

A
  • High vascular volume
  • Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)
  • Alcohol
26
Q

Apart from water, ADH stimulates the reabsorption of which molecule in urine

A

Urea, in the medullary collecting tubule

27
Q

Nephron segment derived from the ureteric buds

A

Collecting ducts

Renal Kaplan (3 decks)

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