Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Renal Kaplan > Pathology > Flashcards

Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

Immunofluorescence findings in membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis

A
  • Granular pattern of C3
  • Deposition of IgG, C1q, C4
  • Tram-track appearance on PAS stain
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Mutated gene in Alport syndrome

A

*COL4A5, leads to a defective type 4 collagen production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Signs and symptoms of Alport syndrome

A
  • Hereditary nephritis in childhood (X-linked)
  • Sensorineural hearing loss
  • Ocular abnormalities of the lens and cornea
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Light microscopy findings in membranous glomerulonephritis

A
  • Glomerular capillary wall thickening

* Basement membrane projections (silver staining)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in children

A

Minimal change disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Affected chromosome in Wilms tumor

A

Chromosome 11

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Light microscopy findings in Wilms tumor

A
  • Metanephric blastema
  • Epithelial elements (immature glomeruli and tubules)
  • Stromal elements
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Type of diuretics that can help decrease levels of calcium in hypercalcemia

A

Loop diuretics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Loop diuretic that can be used in patients with sulfa allergy

A

Ethacrynic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Urine calcium levels seen in Bartter and Gitelman synrome

A
  • Bartter: high

* Gitelman: low

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Enzyme deficiency seen in syndrome of apparent mineralocorticoid excess (SAME)

A

Deficiency of 11beta-hyroxysteroid dehydrogenase

*Normally converts cortisol (active at mineralocorticoid receptors) to cortisone (inactive at mineralocorticoid receptors)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Dietary substance that can cause blockage of 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity, leading to syndrome of apparent mineralocorticoid excess (SAME)

A

Glycyrrhetinic acid (present in licorice)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Syndrome of apparent mineralocorticoid excess (SAME) treatment

A

Corticosteroids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Pathophysiology of renal tubular acidosis (RTA) type 1

A

Defect in ability of alpha intercalated cells to secrete H leads to no new generation of HCO3 and metabolic acidosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Urine pH seen in renal tubular acidosis (RTA) type 1

A

Greater than 5.5

*Leads to increase risk for calcium phosphate kidney stones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Pathophysiology of renal tubular acidosis (RTA) type 2

A

Defect in proximal convoluted tubule HCO3 reabsorption leads to increased excretion of HCOR in urine and subsequent metabolic acidosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Urine pH seen in renal tubular acidosis (RTA) type 2

A

Lower than 5.5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Acid-base disturbance seen at high altitude

A

Respiratory alkalosis, then kidneys decrease H secretion and HCO3 reabsorption in order to create a compensatory metabolic acidosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Biopsy findings in acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (ASPGN)

A
  • Infiltrate of neutrophils in the glomeruli
  • All glomeruli are affected
  • Granular deposits of IgG and C3 throughout the glomerulus
  • Subepithelial immune complexes (humps)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Electrolyte imbalances seen in chronic kidney failure

A
  • Hyperkalemia
  • Hyperphosphatemia
  • Hypocalcemia
  • Hypomagnesemia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Pathologies associated with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis

A
  • Obesity
  • HIV
  • Heroin use
  • Sickle cell
  • Interferon treatment
  • CKD
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Waxy casts are associated with which pathologies

A

End-stage renal disease/chronic renal failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Glomerular diseases that can lead to nephritic syndrome

A

“MARIA”

  • Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis
  • Alport syndrome
  • Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis
  • IgA nephropathy (Berger disease)
  • Acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (APSGN)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Glomerular pathologies that lead to the development of rapidly progressive (crescentic) glomerulonephritis

A
  • Goodpasture syndrome
  • APSGN or diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis
  • Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener’s), microscopic polyangiitis, and Churg-Strauss syndrome
25
Q

Pathologies that can lead to the development of diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis

A
  • SLE

* Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis

26
Q

Biopsy findings in diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis

A
  • Wire looping of capillaries

* Subendothelial and/or intramembranous IgG ICs with C3 deposition (granular)

27
Q

Glomerular nephritic pathology that is associated with hepatitis B or C infection

A

Type 1 membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis

28
Q

Glomerular pathology that is associated with C3 nephritic factor (IgG ab that stabilizes C3 convertase, leading to persisten complement activation)

A

Type 2 membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis

29
Q

Most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in African Americans and Hispanics

A

Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis

30
Q

Nephrotic presentation of SLE

A

Membranous glomerulonephritis

31
Q

Antibodies to phospholipase A2 receptor are associated to which pathology

A

Membranous glomerulonephritis

32
Q

Histopathological characteristic of diabetic glomerulonephropathy

A

Eosinophilic nodular glomerulosclerosis (Kimmelstiel-Wilson lesions)

33
Q

Shape of urine crystals in calcium oxalate kidney stones

A

Envelope or dumbbell

34
Q

Shape of urine crystals in ammonium magnesium phosphate (struvite) stones

A

Coffin lid

35
Q

Shape of urine crystals in uric acid kidney stones

A

Rhomboid or rosettes

36
Q

Shape of urine crystals in cystine kidney stones

A

Hexagonal

37
Q

Cell of origin of renal cell carcinoma

A

Proximal convoluted tubule cells

38
Q

Biopsy findings in renal oncocytoma

A

Large eosinophilic cells with abundant mitochondria without perinuclear clearing

39
Q

Cell of origin of renal oncocytoma

A

Collecting ducts

40
Q

Syndrome that includes Wilms tumor, early-onset nephrotic syndrome, and male pseudohermaphroditism

A

Denys-Drash (mutation in WT1)

41
Q

Biopsy findings in Wilms tumor

A

Embryonic glomerular structures

42
Q

Risk factors for transitional cell carcinoma

A

“Pee SAC”

  • Phenacetin
  • Smoking
  • Aniline dyes
  • Cyclophosphamide
43
Q

In patients with UTIs, sterile pyuria and negative urine cultures suggest urethritis by which organisms

A
  • Neisseria gonorrhoeae

* Chlamydia trachomatis

44
Q

Pathology in which you can see thyroidization of the kidney

A

Chronic pyelonephritis

45
Q

Etiology of diffuse cortical necrosis

A

Acute general cortical infarction of both kidneys, likely due to a combination of vasospam and DIC (obstetric catastrophes, septic shock)

46
Q

Cells seen in pyuria of acute interstitial nephritis

A

Eosinophils

47
Q

Renal papillary necrosis associated risk factors

A

“SAAD papa”

  • Sickle cell disease or trait
  • Acute pyelonephritis
  • Analgesics (NSAIDs)
  • Diabetes mellitus
48
Q

Dilation of which part of the nephron is seen in autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease

A

Collecting ducts

49
Q

Inherited disease causing tubulointerstitial fibrosis and progressive renal insufficiency with inability to concentrate urine

A

Medullary cystic disease

50
Q

Amyloid configuration

A

Beta-pleated sheet configuration

51
Q

Type of amyloid deposited in dyalisis-associated amyloidosis

A

Beta2-microglobulin deposits (in joints)

52
Q

Type of proteinuria seen in minimal change disease

A

Selective proteinuria (loss of albumin, not Ig)

53
Q

Electron microscopy findings in membranous nephropathy

A

Subepithelial deposits with “spike and dome” appearance

54
Q

Formulas for expected bicarbonate levels in chronic respiratory acidosis and alkalosis

A
  • 0.4 x (increase in PaCO2)

* 0.4 x (decrease in PaCO2)

55
Q

Urease producing bacteria that are frequently involved in struvite stone formation

A
  • Proteus mirabilis
  • Ureaplasma urealyticum
  • Pseudomonas aeruginosa
  • Klebsiella pneumoniae
  • Enterobacter
56
Q

Uremia decreases conversion of which hormone to its active form

A

Decreases conversion of T4 to T3

57
Q

Most important complications after the recovery phase of acute tubular necrosis (ATN)

A
  • Transient polyuria

* Electrolyte wasting (leading to electrolyte imbalances, particularly hypokalemia)

58
Q

Molecule that binds to free (ionized) calcium, preventing its precipitation and facilitating its excretion

A

Citrate

59
Q

Acid-base imbalance that promotes citrate reabsorption and, therefore, promotes precipitation of calcium and stone formation

A

Chronic metabolic acidosis

Renal Kaplan (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions