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Neurology > Physiology > Flashcards

Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

Dendrites

A

Receptive area

Afferents synapse here

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2
Q

Axon

A

Electrical signaling via action potentials

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3
Q

Terminals

A

Release transmitter to send signal to next neuron

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4
Q

Primary route for ions to cross membrane

A

Ion channels

*also pumps, transporters

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5
Q

Deficient in long QT syndrome - cardio

A

K+ channel ion channel

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6
Q

Deficient in Cystic Fibrosis

A

Chloride transporter

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7
Q

Cell connection = cardio

A

Gap junction

Direct electrical coupling

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8
Q

Neuron connection

A

Chemical = hormone/neurotransmitter

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9
Q

What increases Gaba-A flux (Cl)?

A

Post synaptic =

Sedatives, anti-anxiety, anti-epileptic, ETOH

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10
Q

Gaba-b receptor = presynaptic

function

A

Reduce Ca2+ flux

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11
Q

Ionotropic vs Metabotropic

A

Ionotropic

  • Fast
  • direct flow-thru

Metabotropic

  • Slower
  • G-proteins
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12
Q

Ca2+

concentration/movement/storage

A 
outside = [Low]
Inside = [high]
  • In = volt/lig/SOCC channel
  • Out = transporters

Store = mitochondria/ER

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13
Q

Glutamate/NMDA receptor

What goes in?

A

Ca2+

One type

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14
Q

Excess Ca2+ damage in:

A
  • Neurodegenerative dz
  • Cerebral Ischemia + Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)
  • Epilepsy + Migrane

Ex; Memantine = blocks NMDA

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15
Q

Uneven ion distribution/RMP

Due to:

A
  • selective permeability (K+ leak ch always open)

*Large anions in cytoplasm
(Balance elect charge/osmolarity)

*Ion pumps - Na/K atpase
(Na high outside
K high inside)

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16
Q

Electrogenic Na+/K+ Atpase pump

Current flow

A

Net outward. (Small hyperpole)

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17
Q

Reversal potentials

Na/K

A

Na+ = +57 mV

K+ = -85 mV

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18
Q

RMP = equilibrium?

A

NO = STEADY STATE

Rest = inward Na flow
Outward K flow

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19
Q

Constitutively active channels

+

Ion selectivity mech

A

K+ leak, no stim needed

Barrier to depole

Pore loops = K selectivity

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20
Q

Voltage-gated K+ channel

How open?
How selective?

A

Open = voltage sensor

Selective = pore loops

*essential for Act Potential

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21
Q

Channelopathies (Rxs enhance)

Epilepsy
Cardio arrythmia
Hyperekplexia (startle disease)

A

Epilepsy = K/nicotinic

Hyperekplexia= glycine receptor mutations

Cardio arrythmias = Na/K

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22
Q

OD lidocaine = seizure

Why?

A
  • blocks Na+ channel

* targets inhibitory neuron

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23
Q

AP involves (channels)

A
  • Faster voltage-gated Na+

* Slower voltage-gated K+

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24
Q

AP initiation:

Positive feedback cycle with

A

Na+ influx

By end almost all Na channels open

25
Q

AP : crossing the threshold

A

*Voltage gated Na channels

  • initial depole
  • chemical signals = excitatory ionotropic receptors
  • electrical signal = gap junctions
26
Q

AP = reach E Na?

A

Nope
Na inactivates
K (voltage) activates

27
Q

Gates - Na channel

Start of AP

Peak of AP

A
  • Resting = m closed, h open
  • Start = M gate opens (both open)
  • Peak of AP (inactivate) = H closes
28
Q

Absolute refractory period

A

No 2nd AP

Na open or Hgate closed

29
Q

Relative refractory period

A

2nd AP possible

Some Na resting (M closed, H open)

30
Q

Hyper K –> AP?

A

Chronic depole = H gates stay closed (inactivate)

Lose depole
Irregular cardiac activity

???

31
Q

what is info code?

A

Pattern of action potentials

32
Q

Cable properties

A

Myelenation problems on the nerve (nodes of ranvier)

33
Q

Chemical synapse

Characterostics

A 
MC
*TRANSFER SIGNAL
Axo-dendritic
Axo-somatic
Axo-axonal
Dendro-dendritic
34
Q

Electrical synapse

Characteristics

A

RARE
Dendro-dendritic

*SHARE SIGNAL

35
Q

Gap junction protein

A

Connexon

Let all ions thru, basically share cytoplasm

36
Q

Major chem synapse structures:

  • Pre-synaptic
  • Post-synaptic
  • Astrocyte
A
  • Pre-synaptic = provide neurotransmitter
  • Post-synaptic = translates neurotrans into signals
  • Astrocyte = metabolic support, synapse modulation
37
Q

Vesicle fusion

A
  • Vesicle docks
  • SNARE pulls together
  • Ca binds to synaptogamin = membrane fusion
  • DOCKED = release NT

BRAIN - limited docking vesicles
MUSCLE - many

38
Q

Botox attacks

A

SNARE

39
Q

if NT per neuron

A

1

40
Q

Purines

A

ATP

41
Q

Catecholamines

A

Dopa
NE
Epi

42
Q

Indolamine

A

Serotonin

43
Q

Inhibitory Ionotropic receptors

A

GABA

Glycine

44
Q

Excitatory Ionotropic Receptors

A

Glutamate

Ach

45
Q

Na on which receptors?

A
  • Nicotinic
  • Ach
  • Glutamate (AMPA/NMDA/Kainate)
46
Q

Ach

Ionotropic/Metabotropic receptor type

A
  • Ionotropic = Nicotinic +

* Metabotropic = Muscarinic +/-

47
Q

Glutamate

Ionotropic/Metabotropic receptor type

A

Ionotropic = AMPA/NMDA/Kainate +

Metabotropic = +/-

48
Q

Gaba

Ionotropic/Metabotropic receptor type

A

Ionotropic = Gaba A -

Metabotropic = Gaba B -

49
Q

Glycine

Ionotropic/Metabotropic receptor type

A

Ionotropic = Glycine -

50
Q

NE Adrenergic

Ionotropic/Metabotropic receptor type

A

Metabotropic = Alpha / Beta +/-

51
Q

Peptides

Ionotropic/Metabotropic receptor type

A

Metabotropic only

52
Q

NT removal from synapse

A

Ach = broken down by AchE

Glutamate/Glycine/GABA = uptake by presynaptic neuron + astrocyte

53
Q

AchE inhibitors

A

Treat Myasthenia gravis

Neostigmine

54
Q

Quantal content =

A

vesicles released

55
Q

Quantal size =

A

Amount of depole (mV) from SINGLE vesicle

56
Q

Factors affecting quantal content + size

A

Quantal content = factors that effect docking or Ca2+ (opiods=presynaptic)

Quantal size = everything else

57
Q

Desensitization example receptor type (much turnover)

A

Glutamate

58
Q

2 options to take out g coupled proteins

A

Down-reg = take out receptor

Desensitize = inhibitory protein

Neurology (20 decks)

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