Physiology

Question 1

Define tissue

Answer 1

collection of cells with similar structures and a specific function

Question 2

Define organs

Answer 2

2 + primary tissues that function together to perform a particular function

Question 3

Define Homeostasis

Answer 3

the maintenance of “steady states” within our bodies by coordinated physiological mechanisms

Question 4

List three types of physiological control systems

Answer 4

Feedforward
Negative Feedback
Positive Feedback

Question 5

Define Feedforward

Answer 5

responses made in anticipation of a change

Question 6

Define Negative Feedback

Answer 6

primary types of homeostatic control system, opposes initial change

Question 7

Physiology of cell membrane and physiological control systems are two…

Answer 7

…important homeostatic mechanisms

Question 8

Much physiological control occurs here

Answer 8

cell membrane

Question 9

Important for the maintenance of homeostasis within our bodies

Answer 9

Physiological Control Mechanisms

Question 10

What are the components of a negative feedback control system?

Answer 10

Sensor - monitors magnitude of a controlled variable
Control centre - compares sensor’s input with a set point
Effector - makes a response to produce a desired effect

Question 11

What does the plasma membrane consist of

Answer 11

Lipid bilayer - barrier to diffusion
Proteins - perform most of the membrane specific functions
Carbohydrates - role in self recognition and cell to cell interactions

Question 12

How are the various membrane components arranged in the cell membrane

Answer 12

Trilaminar appearance

Question 13

What contributes to the fluidity and stability of the membrane

Answer 13

Cholesterol

Question 14

List three different types of membrane proteins

Answer 14

Integral proteins
Transmembrane porteins
Peripheral proteins

Question 15

Integral proteins

Answer 15

Embedded in the lipid bi layer

Receptors

Question 16

Transmembrane proteins

Answer 16

extend through the membrane

Channels, transporters

Question 17

Peripheral proteins

Answer 17

do not penetrate the membrane

Receptor-associated enzymes

Question 18

Desmosomes

Answer 18

adhering junctions that anchor cells together, especially in tissues subject to stretching (skin, heart, uterus)

Question 19

Tight junctions

Answer 19

join the lateral edges of epithelial cells near their luminal (apical) membrane (tight or leaky)

Question 20

Gap junctions

Answer 20

Communicating junctions that allow the movements of charge carrying ions and small molecules between two adjacent cells

Question 21

Cystenuria

Answer 21

genetic disorder cannot transport cysteine – stones are made from this amino acid (cysteine) in kidney, urea, and bladder.

Question 22

Fick’s Law

Answer 22

1. The magnitude of the concentration gradient.
2. The surface area of the membrane across which diffusion is taking place.
3. The lipid solubility of the substance.
4. The molecular weight of the substance.
5. The distance through which diffusion must take place.