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Principles > Microbiology > Flashcards

Microbiology Flashcards

1
Q

Prion Proteins

A

largest of the infectious agents
no RNA / DNA
rare but cause incurable brain infection
destroy surgical instruments - not destroyed by disinfection/ sterilisation

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2
Q

Creutzfeldt-Jacob Disease (CJD)

A

‘mad cow disease’

Prion disease

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3
Q

PrPSc

A

Misfolded form of PrPc

can transform other proteins into prion proteins

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4
Q

Has a protein coat and an envelope

A

Virus

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5
Q

Has a cell membrane and a cell wall

A

Bacteria

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6
Q

Pili

A

fimbriae on a bacterium

used for adhesion

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7
Q

Flagellae

A

on a bacterium

used for movement

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8
Q

coccus bacteria

A

round

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9
Q

bacillus bacteria

A

rod

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10
Q

spirochaete bacteria

A

spiral

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11
Q

Limitations of Gram stain

A 
Mycobacterium TB (waxy coat)
Treponema Pallidum
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12
Q

Opportunistic Pathogen

A

Only cause infection in an immunocompromised person

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13
Q

Commensal

A

An organism that is part of the normal flora

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14
Q

Pathogenicity

A

ability of a microorganism to produce disease

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15
Q

Virulence

A

the degree of pathogenicity of an organism
or
the degree of damage caused my a microbe to its host

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16
Q

What is meant by the Lag phase of the bacterial growth curve?

A

When DNA is replicating, before growth occurs

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17
Q

What is meant by the Log phase of the bacterial growth curve?

A

Bacterial growth commences, availability of nutrients

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18
Q

What is meant by the Stationary phase of the bacterial growth curve?

A

Rate of bacterial production = rate of bacterial death

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19
Q

Aerobic Bacterial Growth

A

Growth in the presence of air (O2)

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20
Q

Microaerobic Bacterial Growth

A

Reduced conc of O2, enriched with CO2

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21
Q

Anaerobic Bacterial Growth

A

No oxygen

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22
Q

Gram +ve Toxin

A

Exotoxin

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23
Q

Gram -ve Toxin

A

Endotoxin

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24
Q

Effects of toxins

A

Damage RBC/WBC
Make small blood vessels leaky
Affect blood clotting
–> sepsis

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25
Q

Sepsis

A

presence of bacteria + toxins in tissues, usually caused by infection

26
Q

Diagnostic methods for bacteria

A 
Microscopy - gram-stained film
Culture - agar plates
Antigen detection (urine)
Antibody detection (blood) 
PCR
27
Q

meningitis

A

inflammation of the meninges (linings surrounding the brain)

28
Q

rigor

A

“shivering attack” as raised temperature drops

a sign of pyrexia

29
Q

Fever

A

> 38

30
Q

Prostaglandin E

A

increases the body’s thermal set point

31
Q

Streptococcus enterococcus and stalococcus are all examples of

A

gram positive cocci

32
Q

Strips of cocci

A

Streptococci

33
Q

Haemolysis is used to differentiate and classify

A

Streptococci

34
Q

Alpha haemolysis

A

Strep. pneumonium

Strep. veridans

35
Q

Beta haemolysis

A

Strep. class I and class II

36
Q

Gram positive cocci in short chains or pairs

A

strep. pneumonia

37
Q

Common commensal bacteria found in URT, vagina and bowel

A

Streptococcus veridans

38
Q

Endocarditis is most liked caused by

A

Streptococcus veridans

39
Q

Complete haemolysis caused by exotoxins that lyse RBC

A

Beta haemolysis

40
Q

Streptococcus Pyogene is a type of

A

Streptococcus Class I

41
Q

Non-haemolytic streptococci

A

Enterococci

42
Q

Common cause of a UTI

A

Entercocci

43
Q

Enterococci is a commensal bacteria commonly found in

A

normal bowel flora

44
Q

VRE

A

vancomycin resistant enterococci

outbreaks in hospital

45
Q

Gram positive cocci in grape like clusters

A

Staphylococcus

46
Q

What is the coagulation test used for

A

Distinguish Staph Aureus

47
Q

A postive, or golden, result on the coagulase test shows

A

Staphlococcus Aureus

48
Q

a common skin commensal that produces slim to allow stick to artificial material

A

Coagulase negative staphylococci

49
Q

Common cause of prosthetic joint and heart valve infection + IV and catheter infections

A

Coagulase negative staphylococci

50
Q

A common cause of bacteraemia and wound infection

A

Staphylococcus aureus

51
Q

MRSA

A

Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus

52
Q

Treatment for MSSA

A

flucloxacillin

53
Q

Sensitive to flucoxacillin

A

Staphylococcus aureus

54
Q

All strains are sensitive to penicillin

A

Group A streptococcus - strep pyogene

55
Q

Enterococcus is sensitive to which antibiotic

A

amoxicillan

56
Q

protozoa

A

single celled animal

57
Q

example of a single celled protozoa infection

A

malaria

58
Q

fungi

A

higher plant like organism

59
Q

bacteria

A

small, single celled prokaryotes

60
Q

viruses

A

small obligated parasites

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