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Massage Final > Physiology > Flashcards

Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

cerebrum,diencephalon,cerebellum and brain steam

A

Parts of brain

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2
Q

largest part of the brain , sensations here, decisions here, language, sensory, limbic system, involves cerebral cortex(gray and white matter), sulci (grooves) deeper grooves fissures, Includes r/l hemispheres

A

Cerebrum

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3
Q

split into left and right separated by longitudinal fissures connected by the corpus callosum Left Hemisphere: in language,receptive and expressive, math skills, reasoning and analytical Right Hemispheres:sounds, melodies, art, emotional express

A

Hemispheres

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4
Q

regulates motor output,cognition and speech production Brocca’s area is here,

A

Frontal Lobe

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5
Q

receives info about proprioception sense where your body is reading,

A

Parietal Lobe

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6
Q

house auditory and olfactory areas and wernicke area, critical in language comprehension

A

Temporal Lobe

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7
Q

vision input

A

Occipital Lobe

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8
Q

located in the center of the brain, includes the Thalamus and Hypothalamus thalamus:sensory hypothalamus: regulates the ANS and endocrine system by the pituitary, controls behavior and circadian rhythms, controls hunger, thirst sleep etc

A

Diencephalon

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9
Q

cauliflower shaped structure located posterior and inferior to the cerebrum, second largest part of the brain and is concerned with muscle tone, coordinates complex movements, regulates movement and posture

A

Cerebellum

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10
Q

includes the spinal cord, includes the mid-brain,pons and medulla oblongatta Midbrain- conducts nerve impulses to the pons and sensory impulses from the spinal cord to the thalamus control movements to eyes,head and neck PONS: bridges cerebellum and cerebrum with spinal cord Medulla Oblongata: inferior portion of the brainstem, conducts sensory and motor impulses, contains, respiratory, cardiovascular and vasomotor

A

Brainsteam

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11
Q

molecules strung together resembling a twisted double strand of beads, round protein that form backbone of the thin myofilaments

A

Actin

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12
Q

long proteins with globular heads; responsible for binding with the actin molecules and pulling the thin myofilaments closer together made from thick myofilaments

A

Myosin

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13
Q

positioned within each myofibril are small contractile units , contains myofilaments, mainly actin and myosin, includes defining ends zlines, H zone(center), A band (Length of myosin), I band (Thin myofilament)

A

Sacromere

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14
Q

dark pigament of the skin and hair produced by the melanocyte usually in the stratum basale, protection of UV rays

A

Melanin

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15
Q

Protein produced by keratinocytes, gives skin protection, keeps skin impenetreatable, made of hair and nails

A

Keratin

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16
Q

regulates sleep-wake cycles of the body

A

Melatonin

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17
Q

group of skeletal muscles innervated by a single spinal segment

A

Myotome

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18
Q

a layer of tissue that covers the surfaces of bones; provides a connective layer around the bone to which tendons can attach

A

Periosteum

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19
Q

Type A: Presence of Antigen A; against B Type B: Antigen B; against A Type AB: presence of antigens A and B; no antibodies Type O: Absence of both antigens; presence of antibodies against both antigens Universal Recipient: Type AB; can receive this blood type and all others Universal Donor: Type O

A

Blood Types

20
Q

Avascular, tough, protective connective tissue found chiefly in thorax,joints and some rigid tubes

A

Cartilage

21
Q

promotes bone development, helps absorb and metabolize calcium and aids the immune system found in milk,fish,liver oils an sun exposure

A

Vitamin D

22
Q

functions to transport blood and respiratory gases, Protection and combat hemorrhage Includes the blood,heart,blood vessels,

A

Cardiovascular System

23
Q

responsible for transporting nutrients to and wast products from cells, includes RBCs(erthrocytes), WBC’s (Leukocytes) and platelets (thrombocytes) 5L total

A

Blood

24
Q

known as red blood cells, makes up more than 90% of blood volume is to transport oxygen to cells does not have a nucleus lives about 120 days, bioconcave, hemoglobin helps with

A

Erthrocytes

25
Q

considered White blood cells, considered phagocytes and pinocytes, help to fight diseases include neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes and lymphocytes helps decrease histamines

A

Leukocytes

26
Q

known as platelets, helps with coagulations and clot formation

A

Thrombocytes

27
Q

straw colored fluid that helps transports blood cells includes fibrinogen and fibrin both aid in clotting

A

Plasma

28
Q

hollow muscular organ about the size of a clenched fist located in mediastinum area , surrounded by the pericardium right side pumps oxygen depleted blood 72 bpm healthy hear average Involves three layers myocardium(thickest layer), endocardium (thin, inner lining), epicardium (thin outer layer)

A

heart

29
Q

Right and left arias superior takes blood through large veins and pump it to the inferior chambers separated by interatrial septum; right and left ventricles pumping chambers of the heart pump blood to the body’s organs and tissues separated by interventricular septum

A

Heart Chambers

30
Q

atrioventricular valves: allows blood to flow into the ventricles; bicuspid(mitral valve) located b/t the left atrium and left ventricle tricuspid valve (right av valve)located between the right/left atrium and ventricle

Semilunar valves: allow blood to flow out of te ventricles into the aorta and pulmonary trunk includes the: aortic valve(left semilunar valve) located b/t the left ventricle and aorta, pulmonary valve (right semilunar valve) located between the pulmonary trunk and the right ventricle

Heart Sounds

lubb-dubb

lub:first pitch av valves close, dubb sv close extras are murmurs

A

Valves

31
Q

What is the cardiac flow:

SVC-RA-TV-RV-PV-L/R PA-lungs-L atrium-mv-LV-AV-Aorta anddescending aort-body

A

Cirlculation of Heart

32
Q

Arteries-blood vessels carry blood away from the heart

Aertioles-small arteries

Veins-carry blood toward the heart

Veinoles-small veins

Capllaries-small blood vessels that connect arteriioles and venules; where exchange of gases,nutruients,wastes and hormones

A

Blood Vessels

33
Q

Includes the SA node, Av node and purkinje fibers

SA Node natural pacemaker 60-100bpm

SA-AV-Purkinje fibers

Cardiac Cycle: systole: ventricles contract and eject blood

diastole: ventricles relax and fill the blood

Heart Rate 60-80 or 7s

Stroke Volume: amount of blood pumped from the left ventricle with each beat, determines cardiac output correlates with cardiac function

Cardiac Output: product of stroke volume times the heart rate average 5L increases with exercise 20L

A

Heart Conduction System

34
Q

Aorta

Saphenous

Jungular

A

What is the largest artery?

What is the longest vein?

Largest vein?

35
Q

movement of air in and out of the lungs

mechanical action of inhalation and exhalation that draws oxygen into the lungs and then releases co2 into the atmosphere

A

Respiration/Breathing

36
Q

Exchange of gases,Olfaction,sound production and maintenance of homeostasis

A

Name the four functions of the respiratory system

37
Q

Nose, Nasal Cavity,sinuses, pharynx and larynx

Nose: entry for air, anterior or external nares

Nasal Cavatities: seperated by the septum; upper portion called conchae, between the conchae is the meatus

Cilia: hair in nose Olfaction sense of smell

Sinuses:Frontal,Sphenoidal, Ethmoidal and Maxillary

Pharynx or throat-nasopharynx-oropharynx-larygopharynx

Larynx: voice box

A

Name parts of upper respiratory tract

38
Q

Trachea(windpipe,below the adam’s apple,9-10 inches long has 6-21 hyaline cartilages split into r/l bronchi)

Bronchi/Bronchioles: r/l bronchi is air conduction passage ways; righ is larger easier for aspiration

Alveioli: gas exchange takes place, surfactant is at

Lungs: lungs of respiration

Diaphragm: dome shaped muscle seperates teh thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity; moves downward during inhalation upward exhalation

A

Parts of Lower Respiratory Tract

39
Q

amount of air inhaled and exhaled in a single breath-

amount of air the person can inhale forcefully-

amont of air the person can exhale-

amount of air that remains in the lungs-

Total of all volumes left-

A

Tidal Volume

Inspiratory reserve

Expirtory Reserve

Residual volume

Vital Capacity

40
Q

Organ located in the right upper quad of the abdominal cavity largest, produces bile, filters, metabolizes, nutrients

A

Liver

41
Q

Principal organs of urnary system located in the upper lumbar region they process blood and form urine to be excreted

A

Kidneys

42
Q

bone cell

A

Osteocyte

43
Q

fight or flight response

rest and digest division

A

sympathetic division

parasympathetic

44
Q

skin gland that secretes sebum to lubricate both the hair and the epidermis

A

Sebaceous gland

45
Q

sweat glands mainly found on the back,forehead,hands and feet

A

Eccrine Glands

46
Q

review hormones

A

review hormones p 640 or 58

Massage Final (4 decks)

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