Anatomy Flashcards
Known as the SITS muscles and muscles of the rotator cuff
Teres Minor and Infraspinatus perform sthe same action of lat rotate, abdduct and stablizing the shoulder, p.75
supraspinatus,infraspinatus,teres minor and subscapularis
SITS
A: adduct/elevate/downward rotation of scapula
O: spinous process t2-t5;c7-t1
I; medial border of scapula between the spin, upper port of medial border of scapula
Rhomboids
A:Extend the head and neck, lat flex head neck, rotate head and neck elevate scapula, retracts, stablize adduct the scapula elevation and depression of the scapula
O: Occipital proturberance, nuchal line
I lateral one third of clavicle and acromion spine of scapula
Trapeziusp.69
well developed in superheroes lies along the rib cage abducts the scapula and antagonist to the rhomboids
A: abduct/upward rotate/depress the scapula
O: external upper eight or nine ribs
I: medial part of scapula anteriorly
Serratus Anterior
raises first tow ribs, assst in neck flexion; inserted at 1st and 2nd rib, lateral side of neck
Scalenes
only rotator cuff muscle that attaches to the lesser tubercle of the humerus, rotates the shoulder medially; between scapula and rib cage
Subscapularis
superficial of the spine
runs from the sacrum to the occiput along the posterior aspect of the vertebral column
includes iliocostalis, longissimus and spinalis(Lateral–>Medial)
I love sphaghetti
Erector Spinae group
located on the lateral an anterior aspects of the neck, large belly with two heads attaches to mastoid process, carotoid artery lays deep, Lord Byron fashion
A: Laterally flex and rotate the head for opposite side, flex the neck and elevation of ribcage during inhalation
O: Sternal head: top of manubrium; Clavicular head: medial 1/3 of the clavicle
I: Mastoid process of temporal bone and lateral portion of superior nuchal line of occiput
N: spinal accessory nerve XI
Muscles to work:
Levator scapula, scalenes and upper traps
Sternocleidomastoid
both located on forearm
located on anterior medial side
located on posterior lateral side
Review Chapter 3
Flexors
Extensors
Six main muscle groups in the forearm
Flexor Capri, flexor digiti, flexor pollicis and extensor carpi ,extensor digiti and extensor policies
all on the radial nerve
4 extensors create extension primarily at the wrist and fingers
Extensors
lateral/posterior to the brachioradialis
known as the Wad of Three
A: to the extend and abduct the wrist; assist to flex the elbow
O: Longus: distal one-third of the lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus; Brevis: common extensor tendon from the lateral epicondyle of humerus
I: Longus: Base of second metacarpal Brevis: Base of the third metacarpal
N: Longus: Radial
Brevis: Radial
BRACHIORADIALIS and Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus and Brevis
flexes the wrist
carpi
flexes digits
digiti
part of superficial layer sometimes absent, runs between
flexor carpi radialis and flexor carpi ulnaris
attaches to the aponeurosis
absent in 11% of the population
Palmaris Longus
anterior surface of the forearm, tucked b/t brachioradialis and forearm flexors; antagonist to the biceps branchi and supinator
A: Pronate the forearm(radioulnar joint) flex elbow
O: common flexor tendon from medial epicondyle of the humerus and coronid ulna
I: middle lateral of radius
N: Medial
pronator Teres
small pronator A: Pronates the arm O: medial/anterior of distal ulna I:Lateral anterior surface distal radius N: Medial
pronator Quadratus
located on the lateral side of the elbow; short deep in forearm extensors & superficial to the head of the radius
antagonist to pronator teres
A: Supinate the forearm
O: lateral epicondyle of humerus, radial collateral ligment, annular ligament and supinator crest of the ulna
I: Anterior, lateral surface of proximal one-third of radial shaft
N: Radial
Supinator
known as a holster
Flexor Retinaculum
four short muscles located here thumb pad abductor pollicis brevis flexor pollicis brevis opponens pollicis adductor pollicis
Thenar eminence
pinkie pad
hypothenar Eminence
his muscle is responsible for hiccups basically spasms
Diaphragm
Name the three holes of the Diaphragm
And what are they for?
Abdominal Aorta, Vena Cava Foramen and Esophageal hiatus
Abdominal Aorta-away,
Attachment site for the diaphragm
Central Tendon
nerve that feeds the diaphragm
Phrenic Nerve
smallest of the erector spinae group and lies closest to the spine in the lamina groove
Only one attaches to the spinous process
spinalis
assist in extension,lateral flexion, and rotation of the head and neck to the same side
longissiumus and iliocostalis
Six muscles located deep to the gluteus maximus and create lateral rotation of the hip
-all attach to the aspects of the trochanter and medially to the sacrum and pelvis
Piriformis,
Quadratus Femoris,
Obturator Internus,
Obturator Externus,
Gemellus Superior, and Gemellus Inferior
Deep Six or Lateral Rotators of the Hip
Fifth adductor
lies superficially on the medial thigh
is the only adductor that crosses the knee
O: inferior ramus of pubis
I: Proximal, medial shaft of tibia at pes anserinus tendon
semitendons/semimembranous
Gracilis
TFL, small superficial muscle located on the lateral side of the upper thigh
Easily accessible between the upper fibers of the rectus femoris and the gluteus medius,
A: flex, medially rotate, abduct the hip
O Iliac crest, posterior to the ASIS
I iliotibial tract
Tensor Fasciae Latae
unlocking joint key that unlocks the knee located in the popliteal space small short belly lying beneath the gastrocnemius weak flexor of the knee
A : medially rotate the flexed knee, Flex the knee
O: Lateral condyle of the femur
I: Proximal, posterior aspect of tibia
Popliteus
ies superficial to the sciatic nerve danger for over compressing it
A: Laterally rotate and Abduct the hip when the hip is flexed
O: Anterior surface of sacrum
I: Superior aspect of greater trochanter
Piriformis
A: Laterally rotate the hip
O: Lateral border of ischial tuberosity
I: Intertrochanteric crest, between the greater and lesser trochanters
Quadratus Femoris
A: Laterally rotate the hip
O: Obturator Membrane and inferior surface of obturator foramen
I: Medial surface of greater trochanter
Obturator Internus
A: Laterally rotate the hip
O: Rami of pubis and ischium, obturator membrane
I: Trochanteric fossa of femur
Obturator Externus
A: Laterally rotate the hip
O: Ischial Spine
I: Medial surface of greater trochanter
Gemellus Superior
A: Laterally rotate the hip
O: Ischial Tuberosity
I: Medial surface of greater trochanter
Gemellus Inferior
known as the the hip hiker muscle
deepest muscle of the abdomen ; watch the kidneys
originates at the posterior iliac crest inserts 12th rib and transverse process
accessible and workable on the lateral edge
Quadratus Lumborum
I:groove of the humerus intertubular
O: angle of scapula, spinous processes of last six thoracic vertebrae, last three or four ribs, thoracolumbar aponeurosis and posterior iliac crest
A: Extend/adduct and med rotate the should
Latissimus Dorsi
part of the muscles that attach to the proximal medial tibial shaft along with gracilis and smeitendious
Longest muscle in the body
L.Sartor, tailor
A: Flex, lateral rotate, abduct the hip; flex and medially rotate the knee
O: ASIS
I: proximal,medial shaft of the tibia at pes Anserinus tendon
N: Femoral, L2,3,(4)
Sartorius
lender peroneal muscles are located on the lateral side of the fibula between the extensor digitorum longus and the soleus
A: evert the foot; assist to plantar flex the ankle
O: Head of fibula and proximal two-thirds of lateral fibula
I: Base of the first metatarsal and medial cuneiform
*Helps runners with uneven ground
Peroneus Longus
portion lies deep to peroneus longus
A:Evert the foot ;Assist to plantar flex the ankle
O: Distal two-thirds of lateral fibula
I: Tuberosity of fifth metatarsal
Peroneus brevis
large,superficial lies lateral to the tibial shaft
A: Inversts and dorsiflex the ankle
O: Lateral Condyle of the tibia; proximal, lateral surface of the tibia and interosseous memmebrane where shin splits happen here
I: Medial cuneiform and the base of the first metatarsal
Tibialis Anterior
A: Inversion of the foot; Plantar Flex the ankle
O: Proximal, posterior shafts of tibia and fibula; and interosseous membrane
I: All five tarsal bones and bases of second through fourth metatarsals
Tibialis Posterior
Name two rotator cuffs that has a same action
Infraspinatus &
Teres Minor
Single action rotator cuff
Supraspinatus and subscapularis
Actions of the Biceps Branchii
Flexes the Elbow
Supinate the forearm
Flexes the shoulder
anterior part of the arm
Biceps Branchii
Antagonist for Biceps Branchii
Triceps Branchii
shoulder blade; triangular shaped bone of upper back, helps with movement of the arm attachment site of sixteen muscles
scapula
Jaw Bone Body lower jaw Base jaw line Submandibular Fossa on the underside Ramus
mandible
Form the center of the face,inferior portion of the orbit of the eye
Surface around the nose, and the upper jaw in which upper row of teeth articulate
maxilla
rounded articular surface at the extremity of a bone
condyle
bump above condyle
epicondyle
shallow depression
fossa
small rounded bump used for muscle attachment
tubercles
Tightly wedged together
Dorsal surface of the foot
5
tarsals
inner side of the ankle, formed by the lower end of the tibia. The lateral malleolus is the prominence on the outer side of the ankle, formed by the lower end of the fibula.
medial malleolus
Superficial to the knee to the ankle
tibia
Lays lateral to the tibia
Bears only 10 percent of body weight
fibula
c5-t1
runs from cervical region down to the armpit to the arm can result in numbness,tingling or paralysis down the arm
Branchial Plexus
C5-6 sensory, lateral shoulder over the deltoid muscle; motor-deltoid and teres minor muscles
Axillary Nerve
L4-S3-sensory posterior thigh
mostor-hamstrings
Sciatic nerve
Divides the body into left and right
Medial and lateral
Flex ion and extension
Sagittal Plane
Divides the body into front and back portions
Anterior and posterior terms used
Adduction and abduction happens here
Frontal Plane(Coronal Plane)
Dividing the body into upper and lower parts
Superior and Inferior terms used
Rotation happens on this
Transverse Plane
Runs down the center of the body dividing the sagittal plane into symmetrical halves
Midline or midsagittal plane
The skeleton’s Center
Includes the cranium,vertebral column, ribs, sternum and hyoid bone
Axial Skeleton
Composed of the arms and legs Pectoral girdle(scapula and clavicle) Pelvic girdle (hips)
Appendicular Skeleton
How many bones in the body
206
How many bones present in cervical vertebra
7
How many bones present in thoracic column
12
Lumbar column has how many bones
5
outer/moveable
proximal/non-moveable
insertion
origin
process of muscles doing like tug and pull method 2 opposing set of muscles like antagonist and synogist
Reciprocal Inhibition
