Pathology Flashcards
non-specific response of the body to any demand for change
Stress
stress that gives one a sense of fulfillment and is generally short term
Eustress
is persistent , individual is unable to adapt or cope can harmful effects, contributes to mental disorders
Distress
softening and degeneration of the articular cartilage on the posterior patella, commonly seen in young athletes that are in sports, overuse or injury, usually seen in older adults due to arthiritic changes
Chondromalacia or Chondromalacia Paetaella Syndrome
lateral curvature in the veritcal line of the spine usually in thoracic region frequent in girls than boys
Scoliosis
This type of Scoliosis is associated with vertebral rotation
Structural Scoliosis
This type of Scoliosis is associated with a secondary problem other than the spine itself
Functional Scoliosis
known as hunchback, axaggeration of the normal kyphotic(posterior) curvature in the thoracic spine, excessive rounding more than 45-50 degress c/b posture or disease, commonly caused in women with osteoporosis
muscles involoved: pectoralis major/minor, serratus anterior muscles or weak rhomboid major and minor muscles can cause postural kyphosis
Kyphosis
swayback or Saddleback, exaggeration of the normal lordotic curvature of the spine can lead to degenerative disc disease or herniated disc, c/b postural compensation, like with pregnancy or obesity
work the hip flexors like the iliopsoas and rectus femoris, abdominal strengthing
Lordosis
method of mole assessment to determine whether moles are abnormal. Asymmetry, Border, Color,Diameter,Evolving
ABCDE of mole assessment
caused by varicella, viral infection, spread by direct contact and respiratory droplet, don’t give aspirin because of Reye Syndrome in kids
Chicken Pox
localized viral infection can reoccur from Chicken Pox, caused by varicella zoster virus lays dormant, but in sensory spinal nerves usually unilateral, contagious, contact isolation
Shingles
rough raised mass resulting from viral induced cell growth (hyperplasia), c/b HPV, can cause genital wart and cervical cancer
Warts
sexually transmitted viral infection that affects primarily the skin over the genital area, c/b HSV 2 cold sores is HSV 1 can occur on the buttocks or thighs or mouth as well, chronic incurable with remissions massage is post poned
Genital Herpes
c/b E.Coli bacteria, general term for infection of one or more structures of the urinary system. Classified according to their location, like cystitis and urethritis , second most common bacterial infection affecting more than 6 million people annually
UTI
inflammation or infection of the kidney
nephritis
inflammation of the liver, mainly viral most prevalent liver disease in the world 500,000 Americans are infected with some form of hepatitis
3 stages:
preicteric: nausea,fatigue, loss of appetite and general muscle aching, right upper quad pain with low-grade fever, and h/a
icteric:Jaundice noted, due liver enlargement (hepatomegaly) prolonged on people with HBV Type B
posticteric stage: recovery stage decreased s/s over many weeks see table 11-5 page 337 in patho book of different types
Viral Hepatitis
caused by HSV 1 but can also be HSV 2
Cold sore
known as vascular headache, related to chemical imbalances, throbbing, pounding,visual disturbances, located on one side but can spread to entire head, n/v, loss of appetite, photophobia, sometimes with an aura
muscles to massage: scalp, suboccipital, neck and shoulder muscles
Migraine
Fracture in section of a vertebra called pars interarticularis
Can be unilateral or bilateral
Mainly the L5 region, can become unstable leading to spondylolisthesis
Spondylolysis
Extreme pain I the foot after activity
Chronic inflammation of the plantar fascia
Usually caused by repetitive movements
Tx:rest,medications,orthotics and injections
PlantarFascitis
Fractured bone but skin is not broken/fractured bone skin broken bone protruding
Closed/Open fracture
fracture in a section of a vertebra called the pars inerarticularis involves the L5, leading to joint instability
Spondylolysis
Osteoarthritis of the spine
Spondylosis
Chronic inflammation of the plantar fascia
Plantar Fasciatitis
the death of most or all of the cells in an organ or tissue due to disease, injury, or failure of the blood supply.
Necrosis
any disruption or break in the continuity of bone
fracture
results when the bone weakens and breaks as result of disease like osteoporosis
Pathological Fracture
occur when the bone breaks all the way through
Complete fracture
occurs when the bone is damaged but is still in one piece
incomplete fracture
Complete Fracture;known as compound fracture which the skin broken
Open Fracture
Simple fracture, skin is intact over broken bone
Closed Fracture
multiple bone fragments; considered complete fracture
Comminuted Fracture
complete fracture; fracture that encircles the bone
Spiral Fracture
considered incomplete fracture bone is broken on one side is bent only common in children and elderly
Greenstick
Microfracture
Stress (hairline) fracture
inflammation of a peripheral nerve or nerves, usually causing pain and loss of function. like neuropathy
neuritis
tear in the tendon; Overstretching most commonly injured tendons back of hands feet,knee, thigh, ankle and heel
strain
tear in the ligament;overstretching of ligaments beyond their normal capacity commonly in ankle,wrist, elbow or kneww
sprain;
a malignant tumor arising in tissue other than epithelial tissue
Sarcoma
benign fatty tissue tumor
Lipoma
lymph tissue tumor can be benign or malignant
Lymphoma
closed sac in or under the skin usually lined with epithelium and containing fluid or semisolid material like sebaceous cyst
Cyst
most common causes of low back pain. The injury can occur because of overuse, improper use, or trauma. It is classified as “acute” if it has been present for days to weeks.
Lumbarsacral strain
development of masses of uric acid called tophi in and around joints and earlobes involves great toe mainly but other joints can be involved, inflamed, red and very tender
Gout
hardening of the arteries; decreased blood flow to the brain and extremities may cause dizziness and headaches
Arteriosclerosis
usually involving compression of the median nerve of the wrist; and inflammation of flexor retinaculum
symptoms include pain,paresthesia,anesthesia or diminished sensation in the hand
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
inflammation of the tendon
Tendinitis
dysfunction of the temporomandibular joint, usually from trauma or grinding of the teeth, causing pain in jaw area and sometimes headaches
more common in women than men
TMJ
