Physiology Flashcards
Define minimal-change nephropathy?
LOSS of negative charges on basement membrane (lesion of glomerulus)
Define hydronephrosis?
distention and dilation of renal pelvis and calyces
Factors influencing glomerular capillary colloid osmotic pressure.
arterial plasma colloid osmotic pressure
filtration fraction
Factors INCREASING glomerular colloid osmotic pressure
INCREASING filtration fraction
Factors that determine glomerular hydrostatic pressure
arterial pressure
afferent arteriolar resistance
efferent arteriolar resistance
Factors that determine renal blood flow
tubular Na+ reabsorption
Substances that are actively secreted into renal tubules
creatinine
para-aminohippuric acid
Define “transport maximum”
limit to the rate at which the solute can be transported (due to saturation of transport system)
Define “solvent drag/bulk transport”
passive H2O reabsorption is coupled to Na+ reabsorption
Define “Addison’s disease”
absence of aldosterone
Define “Conn’s syndrome”
extra aldosterone
What is the maximum urine concentration that kidneys can produce?
1200-1400 mOsm/L
What is required by kidney tubules for formation of concentrated urine?
presence of ADH
high osmolarity of renal medullary interstitial tubule
Where in kidney tubules are MOST of the filtered electrolytes reabsorbed?
proximal tubule (65%)
What is the role of osmoreceptor-ADH feedback mechanism?
controls extracellular fluid [N+] and osmolarity
Where is ADH formed?
hypothalamus (in magnocellular neurons)
What is the function of osmoreceptor cells?
detect changes in osmotic pressure
What is the normal extracellular concentration of K+?
4.2 mEq/L