Physiology Flashcards
Name the 5 primary taste sensations
Sour Salty Sweet Bitter Unamis
What is lacking in the blind spot so that it has no vision capability
Rods and cones
The thin transparent mucous membrane covering the anterior of the eye and lining the eyelids
Conjunctiva
The process that adjusts the lens for near vision
Accommodation
The colored part of the eye
Iris
What receptors work to allow color vision
3 kinds of cones
The structure for dynamic equilibrium
Semicircular canals
A disorder caused by fusion of the bones of the middle ear
Conduction deafness
A constant ringing in the ears
Tinnitus
Sound waves directly cause what structures to vibrate
Tympanic membrane
The structure that helps equalize air pressure on the tympanic membrane
Estuchian tube
Name some materials that blood carries
Oxygen, nutrients, wastes, carbon dioxide, hormones
List 3 functions of the blood
Transport, regulate, protect
Blood is approximately what % plasma
55%
Plasma is composed of about what % water
90%
The process of ingesting and destroying bacterial cells
Phagocytosis
One uL is how many RBCs
5 million RBCs
The blood type gene that is inherited recessive
O
If your blood agglutinates in the anti-A typing serum but not in the anti-B typing serum, then you have this blood type
A
If your blood agglutinates in he anti- B typing serum but not in the anti-A serum, then you have this blood type
B
If your blood agglutinates in both the anti-A typing serum and the anti-B typing serum, then you have this blood type
AB
If your blood does not agglutinates in either of the typing serums, you have this blood type
O
Universal diners have blood that is this type
O
A universal recipient is this blood type
AB
The antigen protein present on the red blood cell membrane determines this
Blood type
No one with type B blood can also have these antibodies
Anti-B
Mr. A and Mr. AB have volunteered to give blood to Mr. B, who has type B blood. Mr. A has type A blood and Mr. AB has type AB blood. Which blood could be transfused safely into Mr. B’s bloodstream
Neither
What type of sensory organs are the gustatory organs
Taste buds
Circulation of blood through the heart muscle is supplied by the _____ circulation
Coronary
Cardiac muscle is known as ___
Myocardium
Chamber with the thickest wall of the heart
Left ventricle
Heart rate is monitored and regulated by this structure
Cardiovascular center of medulla
The heart speeds up when we stand quickly due to receptors here that detect blood pressure changes
Carotid artery
Explain the contraction of the chambers in the cardiac cycle
Atria contracts, then ventricles contract
The action of _____ causes audible heart sounds
Valves
What causes heart murmurs
Improperly closing valves
The contraction phase of the heart
Systole
Which circulatory path carries blood rich in substances from the gastrointestinal tract
Hepatic portal circulation
The backward flow of fluid I’m veins and lymphatic a is prevented by _____
Valves
Venous blood returns to the heart due to ____ movements and skeletal muscular contraction
Diaphragm/breathing
Blood typically flows from the heart fist to ___, then to ___, then to ____
Arteries, capillaries, and veins
What is the structure whose main function is exchange of nutrients and gases between the blood and tissue
Capillaries
Structurally, lymphatic vessels most resemble these vessels of the blood
Veins
The pulmonary circulation carries blood from the heart to the lungs and back to this chamber
Left atrium
The exchange of materials between fetal and maternal circulation occurs through this structure
Placenta
In an overweight person, the factor most likely to increase lymphatic vessel resistance
Length
A foreign. Substance that provokes an immune response in the body
Antigen
List some functions of the lymphatic system
Carry out immune responses
Drain excess interstitial fluid and returns it to the blood
Transport lipids/lipid soluble
All lymph in the body is eventually returned to the blood in this vessel
Subclavian veins
Why are lymph nodes important
They filter lymph and store lymphocytes
In general, what vessels can we see through our skin
Veins
Where are damaged and worn out red cells destroyed
Spleen
The most important function of the large intestine
Absorb water
Bile and pancreatic fluid act upon foods here
Small intestine
The place of greatest digestive activity
Small intestine
Structure that stores bile from the liver
Gall bladder
Absorption of digested food occurs largely in this organ
Small intestine
Breaking down food molecules to a size which is easily absorbed
Digestion
Bile is essential in the digestion of this nutrient
Lipids (fat)
The end products that come from the digestion of fats
Fatty acids and glycerol (monoglycerides)
Organ that helps maintain blood sugar level, detoxify substances and store vitamin
Liver
This digestion mastication of food by teeth and churning of food by the stomach and small intestine
Mechanical
Substance that keeps the mouth and pharynx moist, begins the chemical breakdown of food and has ducts as its means of transport
Saliva
The basic building blocks of proteins which are the form needed by body cells
Amino acids
Intestinal structure responsible for the absorption of water, glucose, and amino acid
Vili
Protein digestion begins here
Stomach
Lists functions of the CSF
Shock absorption
Circulate nutrients
Removes waste
Movement of your left hand are initiated by motor neurons that originate in the ___ side your brain
Right
What type of impulses are transmitted by white matter
Sensory and motor
The structure that acts as a bridge connecting the spinal cord and medulla to upper portions of the brain
Pons
Type of impulses relayed and interpreted by the thalamus
Motor and sensory
Functions of hypothalamus
Olfactory relay stations
Control of body temperature
Controls the autonomic nervous system
Controls pituitary gland and its hormones
Regulates emotional and behavioral pattern
Regulates food and fluid intake
Functions of limbic system
Emotions
Involuntary aspects of survival behavior
Works with cerebrum in memory
Brain center that regulates the heart and diameter of blood vessels
Cardiovascular center
Outer layer of cerebrum
Cerebral cortex
Functions of cerebellum
Walking
Balance
Ability to speak understandably
