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Women's Health > Physiology > Flashcards

Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

What is menarche?

A

the first menstrual cycle

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2
Q

What is the average age of menarche?

A

12.5yo

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3
Q

What are factors for menarche?

A

genetic factors

BMI

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4
Q

What is breast development sensitive to?

A

low levels of estrogens

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5
Q

What is the interval between the start of breast development and menarche?

A

~2yrs

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6
Q

What is menopause?

A

menstrual cycle stops

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7
Q

When does menopause start?

A

45-55yo

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8
Q

What happens during the first 5-6yrs and the last 10yrs before menopause?

A

greater variation of days - irregular

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9
Q

How can the menstrual cycle be classified as?

A

ovarian cycle - changes in the ovaries

uterine cycle - changes occurring in the uterus

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10
Q

What phases are in the ovarian cycle?

A

follicular phase
ovulation
luteal phase

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11
Q

What phases are in the uterine cycle?

A

menstruation
proliferative phase
secretory phase

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12
Q

What is follicular phase?

A

development of ovarian follicle

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13
Q

What is ovulation?

A

release of the mature ovum

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14
Q

What is the luteal phase?

A

formation of the coprus luteum

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15
Q

What is the endocrine steps of LH and FSH?

A

GnRH from hypothalamus –> produces and stimulates LH and FSH in pulsatile

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16
Q

Which is secreted fast and slow - LH and FSH?

A

LH - fast

FSH - slow

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17
Q

What is the purpose of LH?

A

maintaining corpus luteum
makes progesterone
acts as a negative feedback when corpus lutuem dies and starts menses

18
Q

What is the purpose of FSH?

A

increases estrogen

19
Q

What is intraovarian factors?

A

the determining factors of which germ cells are going to be receptors for FSH or develops to mature follicles and oocyte

20
Q

What happens to the mature follicles/oocyte?

A

1) some die

2) one follicle develops w/in 6days of menses

21
Q

What happens 5-6days before ovulation?

A

the chosen follicle will goes under rapid expansion –> LH surge

22
Q

What is the LH surge?

A

matures the follicle and weakes the follicular wall and releases the egg
aka ovulation

23
Q

How do you get twins?

A

when 2 eggs are fertilized instead of 1

24
Q

What do the hormones from the corpus luteum do?

A

suppresses LH and FSH

25
Q

What happens to the corpus luteum?

A

atrophies –> NO progesterone is released –> uterine is NOT maintained –> menses occur

26
Q

What is special about hCG?

A

can bind to the same receptors as LH on the corpus luteum

27
Q

What happens during fertilization - hCG?

A

hCG binds to the corpus luteum –> uterine line is maintained b/c progesterone is continuously produced –> 6-10wks placenta takes over

28
Q

What hormones secreted by the ovary suppress FSH secretion?

A

inhibin ad activin

inhibin B suppress FSH

29
Q

What happens when you have low estrogen? high?

A

low: suppress LH release
high: increase LH release

30
Q

What is the menstrual phase?

A

low LH levels = low progesterone levels

31
Q

How much blood does a female lose per cycle? Risk for?

A

anywhere between 10-80ml

if menorrhagia –> iron deficiency anemia

32
Q

When does the painful cramping start?

A

adolescents

younger women

33
Q

When does the mood changes occur?

A

during the ovarian luteal phase

34
Q

What is the difference between PMS and PMDD?

A

PMS: bothersome
PMDD: severe and hinders daily life activities

35
Q

What is happening in the proliferative phase?

A

estrogen rises d/t maturing ovarian follicle

36
Q

What is the secretary phase?

A

progesterone induces secretory activity of the endometrium –> inhibits uterine contraction –> uterine lining is receptive for fertilization

37
Q

What is the secretary phase in conjunction with?

A

ovarian luteal phase

38
Q

What hormones does the ovary produce?

A

estrogen
progesterone
ovarian peptides inhibin
activin

39
Q

How does progesterone administration help w/ amonohrrea?

A

slows GnRH pulses –> improving FSH secretion and follicular maturation

40
Q

What can tx hirtuism?

A

dexa
sprinolactone
finasteride

Women's Health (10 decks)

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