Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Women's Health > Breast > Flashcards

Breast Flashcards

1
Q

What is polythelia?

A

extra nipple

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is polymastia?

A

accessory breast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is galactrohhea?

A

milky bilateral discharge

POSSIBLE ADR from meds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is fibrocystic changes?

A

nodular, ropelike
benign
d/t increase caffeine intake

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the next step when palpating fibrocystic changes?

A

US

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is inverted nipple?

A

depressed below the areolar surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is gynecomastia?

A

firm GLANDULAR enlargement - NOT adipose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is ductal extasia?

A

dilation of the mammary ducts, periductal fibrosis, inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is mastitis?

A

infxn of the breast tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Nursing mom has a fever? -ddx?

A

mastitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Nonlactating women that has sudden onset of mastitis?

A

suspect cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Average risk for screening?

A

annual mammogram @ 40yo

encourage self exam

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

High risk pts for screening?

A 
family hx
radiation
etoh
obesity
immunosppressant therapy
hormone replacement therapy
early onset of menses
null parity (no children) or late first birth (>30yo)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What family hx can cx high risk?

A

1st degree relative
breast OR ovarian cancer
include both maternal and paternal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Pt has Crohn’s dz - average or high risk?

A

high risk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Pt’s mother died at 35yo of age - when does daughter start screening?

A

25yo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What imaging is available?

A

1) US or microcalcificatinos w/ sterotactic bx

2) bx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Why is US guided bx better?

A

pt is comfortable

able to evaluate axillary nodes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is concordance?

A

what you expect from what you see is what the dx is

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the controversy re: screening?

A

whether to continue screening after 50yo

whether to use mammogram to screen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is oregon dense breast law?

A

if you have dense breast –> get a letter to get screened d/t high risk of breast cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is breast cyst?

A

fluid filled
round and mobile
influenced by hormonal fxn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

When do you have to FNA-breast cyst?

A

> 2cm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

When do you excise breast cyst?

A

3rd recurrence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is usually associated with breast cyst?

A

axillary and sebaceous gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Can breast cyst disappear?

A

yes but can come up again

must excise after 3rd recurrence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is fibroadenomas?

A

benign tumors

involves glandular and fibrous tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is the age range for fibroadenomas?

A

15-35yo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

When to excise fibroadenomas?

A

if childbearing age b/c it can grow during pregnancy and can get painful
if old/post menopause - don’t excise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

PE on fibroadenomas - next step?

A

NON tender mass

1) US 2) bx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What is phyllodes tumor?

A

LARGE and FAST GROWING fibroadenomas - MUST excise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What are the types of breast abscess?

A

lactational

non lactional

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Pt has DM, smokes, and has high BMI?

A

non lactional breast abscess

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

TENDER, palpable mass + fever, malaise?

A

breast abscess

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

How to tx breast abscess?

A

I&D + abx

culture bug

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What bug for breast abscess?

A

s aures

37
Q

Breast abscess + retracted nipple + suareolar abscess -tx?

A

I&D + abx + flagyl

38
Q

What is papilloma?

A

intraductal growth made up of stroma

39
Q

Bloody discharge?

A

papilloma

culture b/c it may be cancerous

40
Q

Benign discharge vs cancer?

A

benign: blue-green/milky
cancer: clear/bloody

41
Q

What breast cancer can have skin involvement?

A

paget dz

42
Q

What is peau d orange?

A

looks like orange peel on breasts - be on the lookout for cancer

43
Q

Flaky, burnig, itching of the nipple?

A

paget dz

44
Q

What is paget dz associated with?

A

Ductal carcinoma in situ

45
Q

How to tx paget dz?

A

mastectomy

46
Q

What is paget dz?

A

infiltrative, intraductal in nipple and ducts of nipple

47
Q

What are the benign lesions that can increase risk of cancer?

A

atypical ductal hyperplasia
atypia + sclerosing adenosis
radial scar
lobar carcinoma in situ

48
Q

What to do w/ the benign lesions?

A

surgical excision bx

49
Q

What are the classic cancer lesions?

A

single lesion
hard
non mobile
irregular borders

50
Q

What are the different molecular profiles for cancer?

A

recurrence risk score
NCCN guidelines
mammaprint

51
Q

Recurrence risk score - low, intermediate, high?

A

low - endocrine therapy only
inter - +/-chemo
high - chemo

52
Q

NCCN guidelines used when?

A

hormone positive
early stages
node negative

53
Q

Mammaprint - low, high risk?

A

low - no chemo

high - yes chemo

54
Q

In situ - tx?

A

stage 0

NO chemo

55
Q

What are the two invasive cancer?

A

ductal

lobular cancer

56
Q

Which is seen on mammography (invasive)?

A

ductal - seen

lobular - not seen; can cx increased contralateral risk

57
Q

What are hormone positive?

A

the tumor is feeding off the estrogen and progesterone –> able to tx w/ hormone supressors

58
Q

What is HER 2 neu positive?

A

there is too much HER 2 epidermal growth factor receptor

59
Q

What is the prob of HER 2 neu positive?

A

the GENE of the tumor, NOT gene of the patient

60
Q

Tx for HER 2 neu positive?

A

herceptin/trastuzamab + perjeta

61
Q

How to stage cancer?

A

tumor size
nodes
metastasis

62
Q

How to stage tumor size?

A

stage 1 - 5cm

63
Q

How to stage nodes?

A

number of nodes and location

64
Q

How is metastasis staged?

A

STAGE 4 AUTOMATIC + skin involvement

65
Q

How to tx breast cancer?

A

chemo + radiation IF lumpectomy

chemo THEN mastectomy, NO radiation

66
Q

When is lumpectomy used?

A

small lesions

67
Q

F/u for lumpectomy?

A

Q 6mo for 2 yrs

68
Q

When is mastectomy used?

A

large lesions: small breast + >5cm tumor
multifocal disease: 1+ tumor
young age: NCAA –> bilateral mastectomy to decrease reoccurence
family hx

69
Q

F/u for mastectomy?

A

chest wall exam

70
Q

What are complications for surgical management?

A

infxn from staph

71
Q

How to tx staph infxn complication?

A

cephalexin 500 QID
or
clinndamycin 300 mg TID
+/-culture

72
Q

What are the different radiation?

A

external beam

brachytherapy

73
Q

External beam radiation ADR?

A

erythema
fatigue
tissue changes

74
Q

When is brachytherapy used?

A

smaller lesions
good prognostic features
older

75
Q

What is brachytherapy?

A

inserting balloon during surgery

76
Q

65yo female with 2cm tumor - what type of radiation is ideal?

A

brachytherapy

77
Q

What are complications of radiation?

A

erythema –> aloe
skin breakdown –> delay in tx
damage in organs ie) pneumonitis, scarring
tissue edema/contracture –> vit E
secondary malignancy –> angiosarcoma can occur

78
Q

What are systemic/chemo complications?

A

chemotherapy –> neutropenic fever, neuropathy, fatigue, chemo brain
Tamoxifen –> uterine cancer
Aromotase inhibitor –> osteoporosis

79
Q

What is recommended for survivors?

A

low fat diet
exercise 30min/daily
acupuncture
psychosocial suppor

80
Q

When to do breast exam?

A

5-7days AFTER menstruation

81
Q

What does patient do while you inspect during breast exam?

A

arms at side
arms over head
hands on hip - flex to pectoralis muscles are bulging and breast tissue pushes off the chest wall
leaning forward to check asymmetry of breast/nipple

82
Q

What to check for on inspection?

A 
dimples
asymmetry
skin changes
nipple
masses
83
Q

What position should patient be in when palpating axilla vs breast - breast exam?

A

axilla - prone

breast - supine

84
Q

What is the most important thing during palpation on breast exam?

A

cover all areas of the tissue

85
Q

How to palpate breast?

A

rule of 3:
3 fingerpads
3min/breast

86
Q

What are you checking for on palpation during breast exam?

A

consistency
nodules - location, tenderness, mobility
spontaneous discharge

87
Q

What to check for in male breast?

A

nipple, areola

88
Q

What is the breast cancer screening tool of choice for a high risk female patient under the age of 35?

A

US/MRI

Women's Health (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions