physiology 3 -Pancreatic secretions Carbohydrate absorption Vitamin/mineral absorption Peyer patches Bile Flashcards
A patient with decreased α-amylase may have impaired digestion of what type of food material?
Starch
Proteases help digest protein. Name the major proteases secreted by the pancreas.
Trypsin, chymotrypsin, elastase, and carboxypeptidase
Are proteases secreted in active or inactive forms?
Inactive forms (called proenzymes or zymogens)
After being converted to its active form in the intestinal lumen, trypsin then does what?
It activates the other proenzymes as well as more trypsin molecules
For the pancreas, low flow of secretions results in high levels of ____, whereas high flow of secretions results in high levels of ____.
Cl-; HCO3-
Are pancreatic secretions hypotonic, isotonic, or hypertonic?
Isotonic
A man eats a large amount of popcorn at a movie. What critical enzyme is released in its active form to digest this?
α-amylase
Which of these sugars is/are not absorbed by enterocytes: glucose, galactose, fructose, sucrose?
Sucrose, a disaccharide (only monosaccharides are absorbed by enterocytes)
Glucose and galactose are taken up by this transporter, which is dependent on this ion.
Sodium-glucose linked transporter (SGTP1); sodium ion
____ is the transporter that takes up fructose in enterocytes via what method.
Glucose transporter 5 (GLUT-5); facilitated diffusion
All monosaccharides are transported from the enterocytes to the blood by what transporter?
Glucose transporter 2 (GLUT-2)
A patient with carbohydrate malabsorption might undergo which test to distinguish GI mucosal damage from other causes of malabsorption?
D-xylose absorption test
Iron is absorbed as this ionized form mainly in this part of the small intestine.
Fe2+ is absorbed in the duodenum
Folate is mainly absorbed in these parts of the small intestine.
Jejunum and ileum
A patient has resection of the ileum as part of surgery for Crohn disease. For which vitamin deficiency might he be at risk?
Vitamin B12 (absorbed in the ileum while bound to intrinsic factor)
A patient has severe Crohn disease requiring an extensive colectomy. Which vitamins/minerals is he at risk for deficiency?
Iron, Folate, and vitamin B12 are absorbed in the small bowel (think Iron Fist, Bro)