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ges > anatomy 2 -Digestive tract histology-Abdominal aorta and branches-GI blood supply and innervation-Celiac trunk > Flashcards

anatomy 2 -Digestive tract histology-Abdominal aorta and branches-GI blood supply and innervation-Celiac trunk Flashcards

1
Q

What type of epithelial cells normally line the esophagus?

A

Nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium

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2
Q

A man with celiac disease has loss of villi and microvilli on small intestinal biopsy. Which part of the small intestine is most affected?

A

The duodenum (villi and microvilli increase the surface area of the epithelium to maximize absorption)

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3
Q

What submucosal structure is unique to the duodenum?

A

Brunner glands

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4
Q

Which epithelial glands are found throughout the small intestine?

A

Crypts of Lieberkühn

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5
Q

Goblet cells are most highly concentrated in this area of the small intestine.

A

Ileum

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6
Q

Gastric glands are found in this part of the digestive tract.

A

Stomach

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7
Q

Which immunologic structures are unique to the ileum?

A

Peyer patches

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8
Q

A patient has a bowel biopsy, which later reveals crypts of Lieberkühn but no villi. Which segment was biopsied?

A

Colon (crypts of Lieberkühn are also present throughout the small intestine, which also contains villi)

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9
Q

What two segments of the small intestine have plicae circulares?

A

Jejunum and ileum

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10
Q

A patient with Crohn disease has destruction of his ileal lamina propria and submucosa. What structures are affected by this?

A

His Peyer patches

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11
Q

Which branch of the aorta comes off at the level of L1?

A

The superior mesenteric artery

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12
Q

The paired arteries feeding the gonads originate from the abdominal aorta at which level?

A

Below L1

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13
Q

A patient with abdominal aortic dissection has a new abdominal bruit. What level of the aorta has the dissection possibly reached?

A

L1 level (an abdominal bruit is concerning for renal artery involvement)

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14
Q

At what level does the abdominal aorta bifurcate?

A

L4 (bifourcation of abdominal aorta)

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15
Q

Which three arteries does the aorta become after the bifurcation?

A

Left and right common iliac arteries, median sacral artery

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16
Q

Arteries supplying GI structures branch ____(anteriorly/laterally) from aorta, whereas other arteries branch ____ (anteriorly/laterally).

A

Anteriorly, laterally

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17
Q

A woman presents with a transverse portion of her duodenum entrapped between the SMA and aorta. What type of intestinal obstruction is this?

A

Superior mesenteric artery (SMA) syndrome

18
Q

A vascular surgeon accidentally cuts into a branch of the aorta originating at the T12 level. Name an artery that may be compromised.

A

The left inferior phrenic artery (the surgeon has cut into the celiac trunk)

19
Q

The common iliac arteries further bifurcate into which two major arteries?

A

The internal and external iliac arteries

20
Q

A patient undergoes surgery for an L3 abdominal aortic aneurysm. Blood supply to which organ system is most at risk?

A

The intestines (the inferior mesenteric artery, originating at the L3 level, may be compromised by the surgery)

21
Q

An 80-year-old has a colonoscopy revealing necrotic mucosa at the splenic flexure. Which arteries branching from the aorta supply this area?

A

The superior and inferior mesenteric arteries (the splenic flexure is the watershed area between them)

22
Q

What are the three embryologic divisions of the gastrointestinal tract?

A

The foregut, midgut, and hindgut

23
Q

A man with severe abdominal pain has an exploratory laparotomy revealing necrosis of foregut structures. Which artery was likely affected?

A

The celiac artery

24
Q

A man presents with severe abdominal pain. Exploratory laparotomy shows necrosis of midgut structures. Which artery was likely compromised?

A

The superior mesenteric artery

25
Q

After an abdominal aortic aneurysm repair, a patient is found to have necrotic large bowel. Which artery was likely compromised?

A

The inferior mesenteric artery

26
Q

The foregut and midgut get their parasympathetic innervation from this nerve.

A

Vagus nerve

27
Q

The hindgut gets its parasympathetic innervation from this nerve.

A

Pelvic nerve

28
Q

What portion of the gastrointestinal tract is derived from the embryonic midgut?

A

The distal duodenum to the proximal two thirds of the transverse colon

29
Q

What portion of the gastrointestinal tract is derived from the embryonic hindgut?

A

The distal third of the transverse colon to the upper rectum

30
Q

What organ supplied by the celiac trunk is not an embryonic gut derivative?

A

Spleen

31
Q

A patient recently underwent a vagotomy. Which segments of her GI tract would be expected to lack parasympathetic innervation?

A

The foregut and midgut

32
Q

A diabetic patient is hoarse and complains of dysphagia from vagal nerve damage. What part of the gut still has parasympathetic innervation?

A

Hindgut (the vagus nerve innervates the foregut and midgut, and the pelvic nerve innervates the hindgut)

33
Q

The stomach receives its main blood supply from branches of what structure?

A

The celiac trunk

34
Q

Name the three main branches of the celiac trunk.

A

Common hepatic artery, splenic artery, and left gastric artery

35
Q

A patient’s splenic artery is occluded by a clot. Between what arteries do anastomoses form to compensate for the blood supply?

A

Weak anastomoses between the short gastric arteries

36
Q

What are the three main branches of the common hepatic artery?

A

The right gastric artery, gastroduodenal artery, and hepatic artery proper

37
Q

What are the two branches of the gastroduodenal artery?

A

The anterior superior pancreaticoduodenal and right gastroepiploic arteries

38
Q

While operating on a patient, a surgeon cuts the right and left gastroepiploic arteries. What part of the stomach is lacking vasculature?

A

Greater curvature of the stomach

39
Q

After abdominal surgery, a man is found to have impaired circulation to lesser curvature of the stomach. Which vessels may have been cut?

A

Right and left gastric arteries

40
Q

A surgeon overlooks a clot in the stomach vasculature. What portion of the stomach is most susceptible to ischemic injury?

A

The fundus (perfused by the short gastric arteries, which have poor collateral circulation)

41
Q

Strong anastomoses exist between what arteries that come off the celiac trunk?

A

Left and right gastroepiploic arteries, and left and right gastric arteries

42
Q

Which arteries branch from splenic artery to supply the stomach?

A

The short gastric arteries, left gastroepiploic artery

ges (18 decks)

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