anatomy -Retroperitoneal structures-Important GI ligaments Digestive tract anatomy Flashcards
Which parts of the duodenum are retroperitoneal?
The second, third, and fourth parts
What qualities define the retroperitoneal structures?
Gastrointestinal structures lacking a mesentery and non-GI structures that are behind the peritoneum
Name all the structures or parts of structures that are retroperitoneal structures (SAD PUCKER mnemonic)
Suprarenal glands, Aorta/IVC, Duodenum (2nd–4th parts), Pancreas (not tail), Ureters, Colon, Kidneys, Esophagus (thoracic), Rectum (part)
Which two structures are completely retroperitoneal?
Kidneys and adrenal glands
What part of the pancreas is not found in the retroperitoneal space?
The tail
Which two parts of the urinary system are retroperitoneal?
The kidney and ureters
Which portion(s) of the colon is/are retroperitoneal?
The ascending and descending colon
The falciform ligament connects which two structures?
The liver and the abdominal wall
In the gastrointestinal tract, the gastrohepatic ligament connects which two structures?
The liver and the lesser curvature of the stomach
In the gastrointestinal tract, if the gastrocolic ligament were damaged, which of the patient’s two structures would be disconnected?
The transverse colon and the greater curvature of the stomach
In the gastrointestinal tract, if the splenorenal ligament were damaged, which of the patient’s two structures would be disconnected?
The spleen and the posterior abdominal wall
The ____ ligament connects the liver and the duodenum.
Hepatoduodenal
The falciform ligament contains what structure?
The ligamentum teres hepatis (derived from the fetal umbilical vein)
During surgery, the gastrohepatic ligament is severed. Blood flow to which organ is impaired?
The stomach (gastric arteries)
The gastrocolic ligament contains what structures?
The gastroepiploic arteries
What vessels are contained within the gastrosplenic ligament?
Short gastrics, left gastroepiploic vessels
The splenorenal ligament contains what structures?
The splenic artery and vein, tail of pancreas
Intraoperatively, the portal triad is noted to be bleeding. Through which opening can it be compressed to achieve hemostasis?
The omental foramen may be accessed to compress the hepatoduodenal ligament (compression is called the Pringle maneuver)
The surgeon needs to access the lesser sac during surgery. Which of the patient’s gastrointestinal ligaments can be cut?
The gastrohepatic ligament
What ligament is part of the greater omentum?
The gastrocolic ligament
The ligament that separates the right greater and lesser sacs connects the liver to which structure?
The lesser curvature of the stomach (gastrohepatic ligament, containing the gastric arteries)
What ligament is a derivative of the ventral mesentery?
The falciform ligament
A researcher dissects the falciform ligament. He finds vein remnants inside. What has he uncovered?
The ligamentum teres hepatis (derivative of fetal umbilical vein)
A surgeon accidentally cuts into the hepatoduodenal ligament and notes bile-tinged bleeding. What specific structure(s) has he cut into?
The portal triad: proper hepatic artery, portal vein, common bile duct
A surgeon carefully cuts into a ligament separating the greater curvature and spleen. He aims to avoid bleeding from which specific vessels?
Short gastrics and left gastroepiploic vessels (this is the gastrosplenic ligament)
Which layer of the muscularis externa is closer to the gut lumen: the circular layer or the longitudinal layer?
The circular layer
List the three components of the gut wall mucosa.
Epithelium, lamina propria, and muscularis mucosa
What is the primary function of the epithelium of the gut wall mucosa?
Absorption
What is the primary function of the lamina propria of the gut wall mucosa?
Support
What is the primary function of the muscularis mucosa of the gut wall mucosa?
Mucosal motility
If a patient is missing his submucosal nerve plexus, which gut function would be impaired?
Secretory activity (the Submucosa contains the Submucosal plexus, also known as the Meissner plexus)
List the four main layers of the gut wall, starting from the lumen.
Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, and serosa
List the basal electric rhythms of the stomach, duodenum, and ileum.
Stomach = 3 waves/min, duodenum = 12 waves/min, and ileum = 8–9 waves/min
What layer(s) can ulcers extend into?
Submucosa, inner or outer muscular layer
What is the outermost layer of the gut called when retroperitoneal?
Adventitia (the GI serosa exists only in the peritoneal cavity)
A patient thinks he has erosions. In which layer of the gut are these typically found?
Mucosa only
