Physiology

Question 0

Base excess

Answer 0

Detects metabolic disorders

Arterial blood sample tilt rated to normal CO2 values. Any excess must be from disorder.
-ve values = acidosis, + ve values = alkalosis

Question 1

Factors that affect flow of blood in vessels

Answer 1

Length
Pressure difference
Diameter
Viscosity

Question 2

Causes for respiratory acidosis

Answer 2

Airway obstruction
Respiratory muscle disease
Head trauma

Renal compensation removes hydrogen ions

Question 3

Causes of Respiratory alkalosis

Answer 3

Increased anxiety, pain, altitude, excessive, mechanical ventilation

Renal compensation, excretion of bicarbonate ions

Question 4

Causes of Metabolic acidosis

Answer 4

Loss of bicarbonate ions from gut (diarrhoea), renal failure, tubular damage, lactic acidosis (hypoxia, sepsis), ketoacidosis

Some compensation from increased ventilation and reduced pCO2

Question 5

Causes of Metabolic alkalosis

Answer 5

Volume depletion, diuretics, K+ deficiency, vomiting, loss of stomach fluids, mineralocorticoids