Physiology

Question 1

How is it multidisciplinary?

Answer 1

Ohms law (NS)
Boyes law (RS)
Gravity (CS)
Interia, momentum (locomotion)

Question 2

What are some themes of physiological studies?

Answer 2

1. Structure/Function
2. Adaptation/Evolutionary changes
3. Acclimatization - body changing to suit environment
4. Homeostasis

Question 3

What are some methods to study Anatomy/Physiology?

Answer 3

1. Tracing molecules - radioisotopes/antibodies and then detect them
2. Genetic engineering - cloning a gene (eg. insulin) and transgenic animals (knock in/out)
3. Cellular techniques - microelectrodes, micropipettes, cell culture, structural analysis of cells
4. Biochemical analysis - TLC, blots, etc.
5. Isolated organs + systems - study organs in isolation
6. Observational techniques - dissections, water mazes, etc.
7. Imaging techniques - CAT, MRI, PET

Question 4

What are some things you have to take into consideration in experiments?

Answer 4

Day/night cycles, stress, etc.

Question 5

What are some functions of the membrane?

Answer 5

Maintain cell integrity
Cell metabolism
Cell-cell signalling

Question 6

What are the different transmembrane movements?

Answer 6

1. Diffusion through lipid bilayer (hydrophobic + small molecules)
2. Diffusion through membrane channels (selective for ions,)
3. Facilitated diffusion (no ATP, glucose transporters)
4. Active transport (ATP required, Na/K pump)

Question 7

What are the steps of exocytosis?

Answer 7

Priming, docking, fusion

Question 8

What are the different types of endocytosis?

Answer 8

Phagocytosis, pinocytosis, receptor-mediated endocytosis

Question 9

Where are the different cell junctions and where are they found?

Answer 9

Tight junction (epithelia)
Gap junction (heart)
Intermediate filaments - desmosomes (intercalated discs of cardiac muscle)