Physiology Flashcards
Lactose is reduced to?
Glucose + galactose
Which way and how far does the midgut loop of bowel rotate during embryo-development?
270 degrees anticlockwise
Which primitive tissue forms both the gut & the respiratory tract?
Endoderm
What two muscular types form the muscles of the oesophagus?
Striated & smooth
Which muscle lines the pharynx & upper 1/3 of the oesophagus?
Striated
Which muscle lines the lower 2/3 of the oesophagus?
Smooth
What is the Z line?
Marks merging of the oesophageal & gastric mucosa
What do the Parietal cells of the gastric mucosa produce? (5)
HCl (proton pump)
Na, Mg, Ca
Intrinsic factor
What do the chief cells of the gastric mucosa secrete?
Pepsinogen & gastric lipase
What 3 things stimulate emptying of the stomach other than food bolus?
Gastrin
Histamine
Acetylcholine
Where is secretin released from?
Duodenum + Ileum
In what order (*mouth to anus) are the parts of the small bowel?
Duodenum, Jejunum, Ileum
What 5 gastric hormones are secreted by the duodenum + jejunum which aid in digestion?
Secretin CCK-PZ Gastic inhibitory peptide Motilin VIP: vasoactive intestinal peptide
Which intestinal hormone stimulates gallbladder contraction?
CCK-PZ
What are the 3 layers of the GI mucosa? (lumen to muscle)
Epithelium
Lamina Propria
Muscularis Mucosa
What are the 4 layers of the gastrointestinal tract?
Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscularis Propria
Serosa or adventitia
What does the ileum absorb?
B12 & bile salts
What comprises the foregut and what is it supplied by?
Stomach & duodenum
Celiac axis
What comprises the midgut and what is it supplied by?
Mid-duodenum to distal transverse colon
Superior mesenteric artery
What comprises the hindgut and what is it supplied by?
Distal transverse colon to rectum
Inferior mesenteric artery
What is the preferred energy source of enterocytes in the large bowel?
Short chain fatty acids
Where is the ileocecal valve?
At the junction of the ileum & the colon
What do the acinar cells of the pancreas secrete?
Enzymes + electrolytes for the digestion of CHO + fats
What are the principal pancreatic enzymes?
maltase, lipase, amylase, nucleases
Which 3 hormones are involved in control of the exocrine pancreas?
CCK-PZ
Secretin
Gastrin
