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Gastroenterology > Physiology > Flashcards

Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

Lactose is reduced to?

A

Glucose + galactose

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2
Q

Which way and how far does the midgut loop of bowel rotate during embryo-development?

A

270 degrees anticlockwise

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3
Q

Which primitive tissue forms both the gut & the respiratory tract?

A

Endoderm

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4
Q

What two muscular types form the muscles of the oesophagus?

A

Striated & smooth

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5
Q

Which muscle lines the pharynx & upper 1/3 of the oesophagus?

A

Striated

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6
Q

Which muscle lines the lower 2/3 of the oesophagus?

A

Smooth

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7
Q

What is the Z line?

A

Marks merging of the oesophageal & gastric mucosa

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8
Q

What do the Parietal cells of the gastric mucosa produce? (5)

A

HCl (proton pump)
Na, Mg, Ca
Intrinsic factor

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9
Q

What do the chief cells of the gastric mucosa secrete?

A

Pepsinogen & gastric lipase

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10
Q

What 3 things stimulate emptying of the stomach other than food bolus?

A

Gastrin
Histamine
Acetylcholine

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11
Q

Where is secretin released from?

A

Duodenum + Ileum

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12
Q

In what order (*mouth to anus) are the parts of the small bowel?

A

Duodenum, Jejunum, Ileum

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13
Q

What 5 gastric hormones are secreted by the duodenum + jejunum which aid in digestion?

A 
Secretin
CCK-PZ
Gastic inhibitory peptide
Motilin
VIP: vasoactive intestinal peptide
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14
Q

Which intestinal hormone stimulates gallbladder contraction?

A

CCK-PZ

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15
Q

What are the 3 layers of the GI mucosa? (lumen to muscle)

A

Epithelium
Lamina Propria
Muscularis Mucosa

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16
Q

What are the 4 layers of the gastrointestinal tract?

A

Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscularis Propria
Serosa or adventitia

17
Q

What does the ileum absorb?

A

B12 & bile salts

18
Q

What comprises the foregut and what is it supplied by?

A

Stomach & duodenum

Celiac axis

19
Q

What comprises the midgut and what is it supplied by?

A

Mid-duodenum to distal transverse colon

Superior mesenteric artery

20
Q

What comprises the hindgut and what is it supplied by?

A

Distal transverse colon to rectum

Inferior mesenteric artery

21
Q

What is the preferred energy source of enterocytes in the large bowel?

A

Short chain fatty acids

22
Q

Where is the ileocecal valve?

A

At the junction of the ileum & the colon

23
Q

What do the acinar cells of the pancreas secrete?

A

Enzymes + electrolytes for the digestion of CHO + fats

24
Q

What are the principal pancreatic enzymes?

A

maltase, lipase, amylase, nucleases

25
Q

Which 3 hormones are involved in control of the exocrine pancreas?

A

CCK-PZ
Secretin
Gastrin

Gastroenterology (5 decks)

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