Physiology Flashcards
What are the two main parts of the Autonomic Nervous System?
Sympathetic and Parasympathetic nervous system (also Enteric Nervous System - but not discussed)
What’s the difference between phasic response and tonic level?
Phasic response = transient short term increase or decrease - codes for changes
Tonic level = long term modulation (over minutes) - slow - continuous response to continuous stimuli
What is Electrodermal Activity?
Change in conductivity of the skin due to psychological driven sweat gland activity (sympathetic nervous system)
Synonyms: Electrodermal Response (EDR), Sympathetic Skin Response (SSR), Skin Conductance response (SCR), Skin conductance level (SCL), Galvanic Skin Response (GSR)
How is the Electrodermal Response (EDR) measured?
Exosomaticaly measuring the changes in voltage measurement from skin surface by applying weak electricity i.e. change in conductivity
What is EMG?
Detects electric potential from muscle cells
What is EOG?
Electrooculography
Vertical and horizontal eye movements measured
See more in Lecture on eye tracking
What are the roles of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems in cardio regulation?
Increase in Sympathetic activity -> increase in HR Increase in parasympathetic activity -> decrease in HR
Parasympathetic is quicker and does the fine tuning -> like the “breaks of a car”
What is HRV and what controls it?
Heart Rate Variability
Sympathetic cardiac Nerves: increase heart rate and force of contraction
Vagus Nerve (Parasympathetic): decreases heart rate
A lower Heart Rate Variabiltiy in healthy people is better. True or false?
False.
In healthy humans a high HRV is better.
High HRV means that there is a big change between the tonic (resting) HR and the phasic (task-related) HR.
What are Baroreceptors? What is the response to increased Baroreceptor firing?
They detect changes in arterial pressure
Normally fire with each heartbeat. Increased firing of baroreceptors: reflexively decrease heart rate (and cardiac output) by increasing parasympathetic activity and decreasing sympathetic activity.
What is ECG?
Measuring the de- and repolarization of cardiac muscles (no more detail in lecture)
How can cardiovascular and resperation be measured? List the options.
- ECG
- Respiratory rate (chest strap, nasal pressure)
- Impedance cardiography (measuring total electrical conductivity of the thorax and its changes in time )
Blood pressure - Blood Pressure
What is Electrogastrography (EGG)?
Measuring electrical activity of muscles of the internal organs /digestive system
Rank the frequency of signals obtained from the following organs from high to low frequency: Intestines, Lungs, Heart, Brain, Kidneys
Brain, Heart, Lungs, Kidneys, Intestines
What are the 3 components of an ECG signal?
P-Wave (depolarization of atria), QRS (Depolarization of ventricles), T-Wave (repolarization of ventricles).
