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digestive system > Physiology > Flashcards

Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of substance p?

A

Activation of smooth muscles in the intestine either directly or through activating cholinergic neurons (Ach)

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2
Q

What is the function of vasoactive intestinal peptide VIP?

A

Relaxation of smooth muscle in GIS (sympathetic)

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3
Q

What is the function of Bombesin or GRP ?

A

Increase gastric secretion

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4
Q

What are the neurotransmitters that induce contractions of the smooth muscle walls in the GIS?

A

Ach
Enkephaline
Substance P

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5
Q

Which hormone is responsible for inhibiting gastric emptying?

A

Cholecystokinin cck

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6
Q

What are the functions of gastrin?

A

Increase gastric acid secretion
Stimulates growth of gastric mucosa

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7
Q

What stimulates the release of gastrin?

A

Distention of stomach, vagal stimulation(Ach)—>gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP)—> stimulates G cells—> releases gastrin—> stimulates parietal cells—> secretes HCl acid secretion

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8
Q

Where and by what cells is Gastrin secreted?

A

Secteted by G cells in the antrum of stomach

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9
Q

What is the function of CCK or cholecystokinin?

A

-Promotes Fat digestion and absorption by increasing the release of pancreatic enzymes.
-Increases Bicarbonate HCO3-
-inhibits gastric emptying
-Induces contractions of gallbladder

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10
Q

How many amino acids is in Gastrin?

A

17

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11
Q

How many amino acids is in cholecystokinin?

A

33

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12
Q

Where and by which cells is CCK secreted?

A

Secreted by I cells in the duodenal and jejunum mucosa

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13
Q

Which hormones inhibit gastric emptying?

A

Secretin
Cholecystokinin (CCK)
Glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP)

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14
Q

Which gastric factors promote gastric emptying?

A

Gastrin (hormone)
Increased food volume in the stomach

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15
Q

What stimulates the release of gastrin?

A

Distention of stomach
Eating a meal
Products of proteins
Vagal stimulation
Gastrin releasing peptide (GRP)

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16
Q

Which hormone promotes gallbladder emptying?

A

Cholecystokinin CCK

17
Q

Which hormone is released in response to overeating (fats and proteins) to suppress appetite?

A

Cholecystokinin cck

18
Q

Where and by what cells is the secretin released?

A

secreted by S cells in the mucosa of duodenum.

19
Q

What are the functions of secretin?

A

-Acts to promote pancreatic secretion of bicarbonate that neutralizes acid in
small intestine.
-Mild effect on motility of GIT.

20
Q

……… digests carbohydrates?

A

Pancreatic amylase

21
Q

……… digest protein

A

Pancreatic protease

22
Q

……. Digests proteins and fats

A

Cholecystokinin

23
Q

………….. digest ingested lipids to fatty acids, monoglycerides, and cholesterol, all of which can be absorbed.

A

Pancreatic lipases

24
Q

……….. slows the delivery of chyme (partially digested food) from the stomach to the small intestine, ensuring adequate time for the subsequent digestive and absorptive steps.

A

Cck cholecystokinin

25
Q

……….. also inhibits the effects of gastrin on the parietal cells (H+ secretion and growth).

A

Secretin (&somatostatin)

26
Q

…….. is secreted by K cells of the duodenal and jejunal mucosa.

A

Glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide GIP

27
Q

Which gastrointestinal hormone is secreted in response to all three types of nutrients: glucose, amino acids, and fatty acids?

A

Glucose-Dependent Insulinotropic Peptide (GIP)

28
Q

What are the functions of Glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (gastric inhibitory peptide [GIP])?

A

-Mild effect in decreasing motor activity of the stomach—>slows emptying of gastric contents into the duodenum when it’s overloaded.
-Stimulates insulin secretion.

29
Q

Which gastric hormone is secreted by the stomach and upper duodenum during fasting ?

A

Motilin

30
Q

………….is released from intestinal cells in response to a decrease in blood glucose concentration.

It then directs the liver to increase glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis.

A

Enteroglucagon

31
Q

It then directs the liver to increase glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis.

A

Enteroglucagon

digestive system (4 decks)

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