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anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

The mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve provides innervation to muscles from which pharyngeal arch?

A

1st pharyngeal arch derivatives which are the tensor veli palatini, tensor tympani, anterior belly of digastric, and mylohyoid

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2
Q

The trigeminal nerve gives rise to three main divisions. Which branch is the only one to contain motor fibres, and which muscles does it innervate??

A

mandibular. It innervates the muscles of mastication: medial pterygoid, lateral pterygoid, masseter and temporalis.

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3
Q

The maxillary nerve exits the cranium through which structure?

A

foramen rotundum; The maxillary nerve arises from the trigeminal ganglion, travels along the lateral wall of the cavernous sinus and then exits the cranium via the foramen rotundum (sphenoid bone).

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4
Q

what does the floor consist of in oral cavity?

A

muscular diaphragm(mylohyoid m., geniohyoid m., and the tongue)

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5
Q

what does the posterior aperture in the oral cavity consist of?

A

oropharyngeal isthmus

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6
Q

what is the oropharyngeal isthmus bound to anteriorly and posteriorly?

A

anteriorly to palatoglossal arch and posteriorly to palatopharyngeal arch

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7
Q

what are the borders of the oral vestibule??

A

anteriorly and laterally is the labia oris (lips) and Bucca (cheeks).
posteriorly and medially are the teeth and gums.

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8
Q

what’re the two muscles that act on the palate?

A

levator veli palatini m. CN X
tensor veli palatini CN V3(mandibular n.)

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9
Q

what’re the functions and innervations of levator veli palatini and tensor veli palatini muscles?

A

-levator veli palatini m. CN X: elevates palate
-tensor veli palatini CN V3(mandibular n.): tenses up the palate

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10
Q

Peristalsis

A

These muscular contractions occur in wavelike patterns in the esophagus and small intestine as they move food through the organs.

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11
Q

***what are the lymphatics of the cheeks?

A

submandibular and parotid nodes

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12
Q

what are the arteries of the cheeks?

A

transverse facial a.(branch of superficial temporal artery)
buccal artery
infraorbital a. (branch of the maxilary a.)

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13
Q

what are the sublingual gland and submandibular gland innervations?

A

via the chorda tympani, which carries fibers that originate from the facial nerve (CN VII)

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14
Q

what’s the difference b/w endocrine and exocrine glands?

A

-endocrine gland: has no ducts, it secretes directly to blood
-exocrine gland: has ducts, it secretes to digestive system

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15
Q

what is the structure formed by the 3rd molar teeth when the jaw is closed?

A

retromolar triangle

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16
Q

Arteries of lips:

A

Superior labial artery, inferior labial artery
(branches of facial artery)

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17
Q

***what is the Lymphatic drainage of lips:

A

central part of
lower lip drains into submental
nodes, while the rest of the lips drain into the submandibular nodes

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18
Q

what’s the arterial supply of the muscles of mastication?

A

maxillary arterial branch of the external carotid artery

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19
Q

what’s the nerve supply for the muscles of mastication?

A

mandibular nerve branch of the trigeminal nerve

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20
Q

what is the sensory innervation of the lower teeth on the mandible?

A

Inferior alveolar nerve
The mandibular teeth are primarily supplied by the inferior alveolar nerve which is a branch of the mandibular nerve (third division of the trigeminal nerve).

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21
Q

which artery supplies the lower teeth on the mandible?

A

The inferior alveolar artery is the main blood supply to the mandible bone. The perfusion territory of the inferior alveolar artery includes the lower jaw gingivae and teeth.

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22
Q

*Innervation of lips:

A

-sensory innervation of upper lip by maxillary nerve,
-sensory innervation of lower lip by mandibular nerve

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23
Q

what are the borders of the cheek(BUCCA)?

A

-Extends nasolabial sulcus medially,
-zygomatic arc superiorly,
-base of mandible inferiorly

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24
Q

name the structures present in the buccal region?

A

cheeks
gingivae (gums)
inner lip

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25
Q

name the structures present in the sublingual region?

A

ventral(lower) side of the tongue
floor of the mouth

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26
Q

Arteries of the cheeks:

A

-Transverse facial artery
-Buccal artery
-Infraorbital artery(branch of maxillary a.)

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27
Q

-the lingual side of the gingiva/gums is supplied by branches from the ……. of the tongue.

-the buccal (region of the oral vestibule)gingiva on the lower teeth is supplied by ………artery?

-the buccal (region of the oral vestibule)gingiva on the upper teeth is supplied by ………artery?

-Palatal gingiva(upper gums on palate) is supplied by
branches from the ……..arteries?

A

-lingual artery.

-inferior alveolar artery.

-anterior superior alveolar a. &posterior superior alveolar a.

-greater palatine and nasopalatine arteries

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28
Q

where do the VEINS of the gingiva drain into?

A

PTERYGOID(belonging to the skull) PLEXUS

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29
Q

what are the structures located on the hard palate?

A

1)transverse palatine folds(palatine rugae)
2)palatine raphe(line that moves across the hard palate)
3)incisive papilla
4)incisive foramen

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30
Q

what’re the muscles of the soft palate and their innervations?

A

1)palatoglossus- pharyngeal plexus
2)palatopharyngeus- pharyngeal plexus
3)tensor veli palatini- mandibular nerve
4)levator veli palatini- pharyngeal plexus
5)uvula-pharyngeal plexus

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31
Q

what are the arteries of the palate?

A

greater palatine artery
ascending palatine artery
ascending pharyngeal artery

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32
Q

all teeth are are supplied directly or indirectly from the …………… artery?

all upper teeth are supplied by ……………… arteries?

all lower teeth are supplied by ……………. arteries?

A

-maxillary artery

-anterior superior alveolar a. and posterior superior alveolar a. (branch of maxillary a.)

-inferior alveolar a. (branch of maxillary a.)

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33
Q

general tongue sensation s by ………….. nerve
special tongue sensation is by …………. nerve

A

both supply the ant 2/3 of tongue:
-lingual n (manibular n.)
-chorda tympani(facial n.)

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34
Q

(Direct)The …………… originates directly from the maxillary
nerve [V2]
,(Indirect)while the anterior superior alveolar nerve originates from the ………….., supplies the canine and incisor teeth

A

posterior superior alveolar nerve
infra-orbital nerve, which is a branch of the maxillary nerve

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35
Q

what’re the structures present in the Body/anterior (presulcal) part of the tongue?

A

fungiform pap.
filiform pap.
foliate pap.
vallate papilla
median sulcus (overlying the the lingual septum)

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36
Q

what’re the structures present in the Root/posterior (postsulcal) part of the tongue?

A

palatoglossus m.
palatine tonsils
*lingual tonsils
foramen cecum
*Median glossoepiglottic fold
*Lateral glossoepiglottic fold
*Epiglottic vallecula

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37
Q

which of the papillae have mechanical or taste functions?

A

taste functions: fungiform, circumVALLATE, conic papilla
mech functions: filiform and fungiform pap.

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38
Q

what structure on the tongue separates the anterior/body part from the posterior/root part?

A

terminal sulcus

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39
Q

what nerve innervates the 3rd molar teeth ;It is
sensory to the anterior two thirds of the tongue, the floor of the mouth, and the
lingual gingivae?

A

lingual nerve

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40
Q

which nerve carries special taste fibers from the anterior two thirds of the tongue, and carries secretomotor fibers for the submandibular and sublingual salivary
glands plus other glands?

A

chorda tympani (from facial n)

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41
Q

which main muscle of the tongue which protrudes and depresses the tongue?

A

genioglossus m.

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42
Q

lingual septum **

A

(coronal section)prolly in practical

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43
Q

all of the tongue muscles, intrinsic and extrinsic, are innervated by ……………… nerve, except for ………….. muscle

A

hypoglossa nerve 12
except for palatoglossal muscle, which is innervated by vagus nerve (pharyngeal plexus)

44
Q

For special sensation (taste), this part of the tongue, except for the …………..
papillae, is supplied the chorda tympani nerve, a branch of CN VII.

A

vallate

45
Q

function of the genioglossus m.?

A

protrudes tongue and depresses center of the tongue

46
Q

Salivary glands secrete into the oral cavity; so they are known as……….?

A

exocrine glands(has ducts)

47
Q

The parotid gland penetrates the ……………… muscle
of the cheek and open into the oral cavity adjacent to the crown of the
………… upper molar tooth.

A

buccinator
second

48
Q

what’re the patorid gland’s parasympathetic innervations?

A

parasympathetic->inc. GIS motility and secretion:
1)glossopharyngeal nerve- 2-otic ganglion (preganglionic)
3)Auriculotemporal nerve(branch of mandibular n.) (postganglionic)

49
Q

The ……………… duct emerges from the medial side of the deep part of the
gland in the oral cavity

A

submandibular

50
Q

The ………… nerve loops under the submandibular duct, anteromedially through the floor of the oral cavity

A

lingual

51
Q

the sublingual and submandibular glands wrap around which muscle?

A

mylohyoid m.

52
Q

what are the arteries of the submandibular gland?

A

facial a. and lingual a.

53
Q

Where does the small intestine drains into first?

A

Caecum

54
Q

……….is the peritoneal-covered accumulations of fat and are associated with the colon?

A

Omental appendices

55
Q

……………………..a major element of soft palate to which the other muscles of the palate attach to

A

Palatine aponeurosis

56
Q

Which artery is present in the anterior surface of the NECK of pancreas?

A

Gastroduodenal artery and Superior Pancreaticoduodenal artery

57
Q

What are the artery and veins present posteriorly to the the NECK of pancreas?

A

Portal vein and Superior mesenteric artery and vein

58
Q

What are the structures present in the superior border of body of pancreas?

A

C.O.C.S
Celiac trunk
Omental eminence
Celiac ganglia
Splenic artery

59
Q

The tail of pancreas is referred to as ………. Bcz it’s covered by mesothelium.
While the rest of the pancreas is known as …….?

A

Intraperitoneal
Retroperitoneal

60
Q

Where does the pancreatic duct drains into?

A

Descending duodenum

61
Q

What is the pancreas innervation?

A

Celiac plexus; greater and lesser splanchnic nerve, and
vagal nerve(to inc secretion)

62
Q

What is the region of the spleen?

A

Left hypochondriac region, left upper quadrant of the abdomen

63
Q

What is the region of the pancreas?

A

Epigastric region (body, neck,head, uncinate process)
and left hypochondriac region (tail)

64
Q

What are the 3 ways to approach the pancreas?

A

1) lesser omentum
2) gastrocolic ligament
3) transverse mesocolon

65
Q

Bcz the spleen is covered by a visceral peritoneum it is referred to as………..?

A

Intraperitoneal organ

66
Q

What are the surface markings of the Traube’s space?

A

 left sixth rib superiorly,
 left mid axillary line laterally
 left costal margin inferiorly

67
Q

What is the content of the Traube’s space and is it used to for?

A

Content: fundus of stomach
It is used to examine the spleen

68
Q

What are the spleen innervations?

A

Celiac plexus
Splenic plexus
Greater splanchnic nerve
Vagus nerve

69
Q

Between the ………. And ……… peritoneums is the peritoneal cavity?

A

Parietal and visceral peritoneum

70
Q

What are the innervations for the parietal peritoneum?

A

1)T6-T12 intercostal nerves
2)L1
3)Diaphragmatic region:Phrenic nerve
4) pelvic region: Obturatorius nerve and Pudendal nerve

71
Q

The peritoneal cavity is divided into 2 parts? Name the location of those 2 parts?

A

Greater sac, which extends from the diphragm to pelvic region.
And Lesser sac, which is behind the stomach.

72
Q

How do the greater and lesser sacs communicate?

A

Through the Epiploic foramen

73
Q

What is the difference between intraperitoneum and retroperitoneum ?

A

The intraperitoneum organ is covered by visceral layer from all sides
The retroperitoneal organ is covered by the visceral layer from anterior and lateral side

74
Q

Which organs are intraperitoneal?

A

SALTD SPRSS;
Stomach
Appendix
Liver
Transverse colon
Duodenum(1st part only)

Small intestine (jejunum&ileum)
Pancreas (only the tail)
Rectum (upper third)
Spleen
Sigmoid colon

75
Q

The intraperitoneal organs attach to the …………..

A

mesenterium

76
Q

What’re the structures inside the Gastrolienal(splenic) ligament?

A

Left gastroepiploic(omental) artery
Small gastric arteries

77
Q

What’re the structures inside the (spleno)Lienorenal ligament?

A

Splenic artery and vein
Cauda of pancreas

78
Q

Circular folds or plicae circulares or valvulae conniventes are folds of the mucosa and submucosa of the ………..?

A

Small intestine (jejunum and ileum)

79
Q

the …….. connects greater sac to lesser sac(omental bursa)

A

omental foramen (epiploic foramen, foramen of Winslow), is the passage of communication, or foramen, between the greater sac (general cavity (of the abdomen)), and the lesser sac.

80
Q

left gastric artery supplies?

A

the upper right portions of the fundus and body of the stomach, as well as the distal (abdominal) esophagus.

81
Q

right gastric artery supplies?

A

lesser curvature of stomach

82
Q

what gives off esophageal artery branches?

A

left gastric artery

83
Q

what is located posterior of descending part of duodenum?

A

helium of right kidney

84
Q

most duodenal ulcers occur in the ………..?

A

ampulla or duodenal cap

85
Q

posterior ulcers perforate the ………………. artery and bleeds?

A

gastroduodenal artery

86
Q

what is the weakest part of the esophagus?

A

laimer triangle

87
Q

what are the branches of the common hepatic artery?

A

-right gastric artery.
-proper hepatic artery.
-gastroduodenal artery.

88
Q

***what are the contents of the hepatoduodenal ligament

A

portal vein & artery,
hepatic artery
bile duct.

89
Q

the hepatoduodenal ligament is part of the …..?

A

lesser omentum

90
Q

***what are the neighbors of the horizontal part L3 of the Anterior surface of the inferior duodenum?

A

-root of mesentery
-superior mesenteric artery and vein

91
Q

the ………… is located at the paraduodenal recess

A

inferior mesenteric artery

92
Q

the ………….. is held in position by the ligament of Treitz

A

duoodenujejunal flexure T10

93
Q

which part of the duodenum are intraperitoneal(has mesentery) or retroperitoneal?

A

-intraperitoneal: just the superior part; Ampulla(duodenal cap)

-retroperitoneal parts are the descending part, horizontal part, and ascending part

94
Q

what are the arteries of the duodenum?

A

1-right gastric artery*
2-supraduodenal artery
3-right gastroepiploic(gastroomental) artery*
4-superior pancreaticoduodenal artery
5-inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery

95
Q

the rectus abdominus muscle is supplied by which artery?

A

superior epigastric artery

96
Q

The anterolateral abdominal wall is bounded by all of the following structures except

A

linea alba

97
Q

what does the pelvic splanchnic nerve (erigentes) innervate?

A

1/3 transverse colon
descending colon
sigmoid colon
rectum and anal canal

98
Q

plicae circularis are found in the……..?

A

jejunum

99
Q

*which nerves innervate the external anal sphincter?

A

-pudendal nerve
-perineal branches of 4th sacral spinal nerve
-inferior rectal nerves

100
Q

*which nerves innervate the internal anal sphincter?

A

inferior hypogastric plexus

101
Q

the superior epigastric artery is a branch of which artery?

A

internal thoracic artery

102
Q

the inferior epigastric artery is a branch of which artery?

A

external iliac artery

103
Q

what does the pudendal vessel supply?

A

rectum, anal canal, and external sphincter

104
Q

*Which structures crosses the root of mesentery?

A

Horizontal part of duodenum
Inferior vena cava
Abdominal Aorta
Right psoas major
Right ureter
Right gonadal(genital) artery

105
Q

what are the structures that the mesentery crosses?

A
106
Q

The ……… and ……… drains into the and forms the Cisterna chyli

A

Right lumbar trunk and left lumbar trunk

digestive system (4 decks)

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