anatomy Flashcards
The mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve provides innervation to muscles from which pharyngeal arch?
1st pharyngeal arch derivatives which are the tensor veli palatini, tensor tympani, anterior belly of digastric, and mylohyoid
The trigeminal nerve gives rise to three main divisions. Which branch is the only one to contain motor fibres, and which muscles does it innervate??
mandibular. It innervates the muscles of mastication: medial pterygoid, lateral pterygoid, masseter and temporalis.
The maxillary nerve exits the cranium through which structure?
foramen rotundum; The maxillary nerve arises from the trigeminal ganglion, travels along the lateral wall of the cavernous sinus and then exits the cranium via the foramen rotundum (sphenoid bone).
what does the floor consist of in oral cavity?
muscular diaphragm(mylohyoid m., geniohyoid m., and the tongue)
what does the posterior aperture in the oral cavity consist of?
oropharyngeal isthmus
what is the oropharyngeal isthmus bound to anteriorly and posteriorly?
anteriorly to palatoglossal arch and posteriorly to palatopharyngeal arch
what are the borders of the oral vestibule??
anteriorly and laterally is the labia oris (lips) and Bucca (cheeks).
posteriorly and medially are the teeth and gums.
what’re the two muscles that act on the palate?
levator veli palatini m. CN X
tensor veli palatini CN V3(mandibular n.)
what’re the functions and innervations of levator veli palatini and tensor veli palatini muscles?
-levator veli palatini m. CN X: elevates palate
-tensor veli palatini CN V3(mandibular n.): tenses up the palate
Peristalsis
These muscular contractions occur in wavelike patterns in the esophagus and small intestine as they move food through the organs.
***what are the lymphatics of the cheeks?
submandibular and parotid nodes
what are the arteries of the cheeks?
transverse facial a.(branch of superficial temporal artery)
buccal artery
infraorbital a. (branch of the maxilary a.)
what are the sublingual gland and submandibular gland innervations?
via the chorda tympani, which carries fibers that originate from the facial nerve (CN VII)
what’s the difference b/w endocrine and exocrine glands?
-endocrine gland: has no ducts, it secretes directly to blood
-exocrine gland: has ducts, it secretes to digestive system
what is the structure formed by the 3rd molar teeth when the jaw is closed?
retromolar triangle
Arteries of lips:
Superior labial artery, inferior labial artery
(branches of facial artery)
***what is the Lymphatic drainage of lips:
central part of
lower lip drains into submental
nodes, while the rest of the lips drain into the submandibular nodes
what’s the arterial supply of the muscles of mastication?
maxillary arterial branch of the external carotid artery
what’s the nerve supply for the muscles of mastication?
mandibular nerve branch of the trigeminal nerve
what is the sensory innervation of the lower teeth on the mandible?
Inferior alveolar nerve
The mandibular teeth are primarily supplied by the inferior alveolar nerve which is a branch of the mandibular nerve (third division of the trigeminal nerve).
which artery supplies the lower teeth on the mandible?
The inferior alveolar artery is the main blood supply to the mandible bone. The perfusion territory of the inferior alveolar artery includes the lower jaw gingivae and teeth.
*Innervation of lips:
-sensory innervation of upper lip by maxillary nerve,
-sensory innervation of lower lip by mandibular nerve
what are the borders of the cheek(BUCCA)?
-Extends nasolabial sulcus medially,
-zygomatic arc superiorly,
-base of mandible inferiorly
name the structures present in the buccal region?
cheeks
gingivae (gums)
inner lip
name the structures present in the sublingual region?
ventral(lower) side of the tongue
floor of the mouth
Arteries of the cheeks:
-Transverse facial artery
-Buccal artery
-Infraorbital artery(branch of maxillary a.)
-the lingual side of the gingiva/gums is supplied by branches from the ……. of the tongue.
-the buccal (region of the oral vestibule)gingiva on the lower teeth is supplied by ………artery?
-the buccal (region of the oral vestibule)gingiva on the upper teeth is supplied by ………artery?
-Palatal gingiva(upper gums on palate) is supplied by
branches from the ……..arteries?
-lingual artery.
-inferior alveolar artery.
-anterior superior alveolar a. &posterior superior alveolar a.
-greater palatine and nasopalatine arteries
where do the VEINS of the gingiva drain into?
PTERYGOID(belonging to the skull) PLEXUS
what are the structures located on the hard palate?
1)transverse palatine folds(palatine rugae)
2)palatine raphe(line that moves across the hard palate)
3)incisive papilla
4)incisive foramen
what’re the muscles of the soft palate and their innervations?
1)palatoglossus- pharyngeal plexus
2)palatopharyngeus- pharyngeal plexus
3)tensor veli palatini- mandibular nerve
4)levator veli palatini- pharyngeal plexus
5)uvula-pharyngeal plexus
what are the arteries of the palate?
greater palatine artery
ascending palatine artery
ascending pharyngeal artery
all teeth are are supplied directly or indirectly from the …………… artery?
all upper teeth are supplied by ……………… arteries?
all lower teeth are supplied by ……………. arteries?
-maxillary artery
-anterior superior alveolar a. and posterior superior alveolar a. (branch of maxillary a.)
-inferior alveolar a. (branch of maxillary a.)
general tongue sensation s by ………….. nerve
special tongue sensation is by …………. nerve
both supply the ant 2/3 of tongue:
-lingual n (manibular n.)
-chorda tympani(facial n.)
(Direct)The …………… originates directly from the maxillary
nerve [V2]
,(Indirect)while the anterior superior alveolar nerve originates from the ………….., supplies the canine and incisor teeth
posterior superior alveolar nerve
infra-orbital nerve, which is a branch of the maxillary nerve
what’re the structures present in the Body/anterior (presulcal) part of the tongue?
fungiform pap.
filiform pap.
foliate pap.
vallate papilla
median sulcus (overlying the the lingual septum)
what’re the structures present in the Root/posterior (postsulcal) part of the tongue?
palatoglossus m.
palatine tonsils
*lingual tonsils
foramen cecum
*Median glossoepiglottic fold
*Lateral glossoepiglottic fold
*Epiglottic vallecula
which of the papillae have mechanical or taste functions?
taste functions: fungiform, circumVALLATE, conic papilla
mech functions: filiform and fungiform pap.
what structure on the tongue separates the anterior/body part from the posterior/root part?
terminal sulcus
what nerve innervates the 3rd molar teeth ;It is
sensory to the anterior two thirds of the tongue, the floor of the mouth, and the
lingual gingivae?
lingual nerve
which nerve carries special taste fibers from the anterior two thirds of the tongue, and carries secretomotor fibers for the submandibular and sublingual salivary
glands plus other glands?
chorda tympani (from facial n)
which main muscle of the tongue which protrudes and depresses the tongue?
genioglossus m.
lingual septum **
(coronal section)prolly in practical
all of the tongue muscles, intrinsic and extrinsic, are innervated by ……………… nerve, except for ………….. muscle
hypoglossa nerve 12
except for palatoglossal muscle, which is innervated by vagus nerve (pharyngeal plexus)
For special sensation (taste), this part of the tongue, except for the …………..
papillae, is supplied the chorda tympani nerve, a branch of CN VII.
vallate
function of the genioglossus m.?
protrudes tongue and depresses center of the tongue
Salivary glands secrete into the oral cavity; so they are known as……….?
exocrine glands(has ducts)
The parotid gland penetrates the ……………… muscle
of the cheek and open into the oral cavity adjacent to the crown of the
………… upper molar tooth.
buccinator
second
what’re the patorid gland’s parasympathetic innervations?
parasympathetic->inc. GIS motility and secretion:
1)glossopharyngeal nerve- 2-otic ganglion (preganglionic)
3)Auriculotemporal nerve(branch of mandibular n.) (postganglionic)
The ……………… duct emerges from the medial side of the deep part of the
gland in the oral cavity
submandibular
The ………… nerve loops under the submandibular duct, anteromedially through the floor of the oral cavity
lingual
the sublingual and submandibular glands wrap around which muscle?
mylohyoid m.
what are the arteries of the submandibular gland?
facial a. and lingual a.
Where does the small intestine drains into first?
Caecum
……….is the peritoneal-covered accumulations of fat and are associated with the colon?
Omental appendices
……………………..a major element of soft palate to which the other muscles of the palate attach to
Palatine aponeurosis
Which artery is present in the anterior surface of the NECK of pancreas?
Gastroduodenal artery and Superior Pancreaticoduodenal artery
What are the artery and veins present posteriorly to the the NECK of pancreas?
Portal vein and Superior mesenteric artery and vein
What are the structures present in the superior border of body of pancreas?
C.O.C.S
Celiac trunk
Omental eminence
Celiac ganglia
Splenic artery
The tail of pancreas is referred to as ………. Bcz it’s covered by mesothelium.
While the rest of the pancreas is known as …….?
Intraperitoneal
Retroperitoneal
Where does the pancreatic duct drains into?
Descending duodenum
What is the pancreas innervation?
Celiac plexus; greater and lesser splanchnic nerve, and
vagal nerve(to inc secretion)
What is the region of the spleen?
Left hypochondriac region, left upper quadrant of the abdomen
What is the region of the pancreas?
Epigastric region (body, neck,head, uncinate process)
and left hypochondriac region (tail)
What are the 3 ways to approach the pancreas?
1) lesser omentum
2) gastrocolic ligament
3) transverse mesocolon
Bcz the spleen is covered by a visceral peritoneum it is referred to as………..?
Intraperitoneal organ
What are the surface markings of the Traube’s space?
left sixth rib superiorly,
left mid axillary line laterally
left costal margin inferiorly
What is the content of the Traube’s space and is it used to for?
Content: fundus of stomach
It is used to examine the spleen
What are the spleen innervations?
Celiac plexus
Splenic plexus
Greater splanchnic nerve
Vagus nerve
Between the ………. And ……… peritoneums is the peritoneal cavity?
Parietal and visceral peritoneum
What are the innervations for the parietal peritoneum?
1)T6-T12 intercostal nerves
2)L1
3)Diaphragmatic region:Phrenic nerve
4) pelvic region: Obturatorius nerve and Pudendal nerve
The peritoneal cavity is divided into 2 parts? Name the location of those 2 parts?
Greater sac, which extends from the diphragm to pelvic region.
And Lesser sac, which is behind the stomach.
How do the greater and lesser sacs communicate?
Through the Epiploic foramen
What is the difference between intraperitoneum and retroperitoneum ?
The intraperitoneum organ is covered by visceral layer from all sides
The retroperitoneal organ is covered by the visceral layer from anterior and lateral side
Which organs are intraperitoneal?
SALTD SPRSS;
Stomach
Appendix
Liver
Transverse colon
Duodenum(1st part only)
Small intestine (jejunum&ileum)
Pancreas (only the tail)
Rectum (upper third)
Spleen
Sigmoid colon
The intraperitoneal organs attach to the …………..
mesenterium
What’re the structures inside the Gastrolienal(splenic) ligament?
Left gastroepiploic(omental) artery
Small gastric arteries
What’re the structures inside the (spleno)Lienorenal ligament?
Splenic artery and vein
Cauda of pancreas
Circular folds or plicae circulares or valvulae conniventes are folds of the mucosa and submucosa of the ………..?
Small intestine (jejunum and ileum)
the …….. connects greater sac to lesser sac(omental bursa)
omental foramen (epiploic foramen, foramen of Winslow), is the passage of communication, or foramen, between the greater sac (general cavity (of the abdomen)), and the lesser sac.
left gastric artery supplies?
the upper right portions of the fundus and body of the stomach, as well as the distal (abdominal) esophagus.
right gastric artery supplies?
lesser curvature of stomach
what gives off esophageal artery branches?
left gastric artery
what is located posterior of descending part of duodenum?
helium of right kidney
most duodenal ulcers occur in the ………..?
ampulla or duodenal cap
posterior ulcers perforate the ………………. artery and bleeds?
gastroduodenal artery
what is the weakest part of the esophagus?
laimer triangle
what are the branches of the common hepatic artery?
-right gastric artery.
-proper hepatic artery.
-gastroduodenal artery.
***what are the contents of the hepatoduodenal ligament
portal vein & artery,
hepatic artery
bile duct.
the hepatoduodenal ligament is part of the …..?
lesser omentum
***what are the neighbors of the horizontal part L3 of the Anterior surface of the inferior duodenum?
-root of mesentery
-superior mesenteric artery and vein
the ………… is located at the paraduodenal recess
inferior mesenteric artery
the ………….. is held in position by the ligament of Treitz
duoodenujejunal flexure T10
which part of the duodenum are intraperitoneal(has mesentery) or retroperitoneal?
-intraperitoneal: just the superior part; Ampulla(duodenal cap)
-retroperitoneal parts are the descending part, horizontal part, and ascending part
what are the arteries of the duodenum?
1-right gastric artery*
2-supraduodenal artery
3-right gastroepiploic(gastroomental) artery*
4-superior pancreaticoduodenal artery
5-inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery
the rectus abdominus muscle is supplied by which artery?
superior epigastric artery
The anterolateral abdominal wall is bounded by all of the following structures except
linea alba
what does the pelvic splanchnic nerve (erigentes) innervate?
1/3 transverse colon
descending colon
sigmoid colon
rectum and anal canal
plicae circularis are found in the……..?
jejunum
*which nerves innervate the external anal sphincter?
-pudendal nerve
-perineal branches of 4th sacral spinal nerve
-inferior rectal nerves
*which nerves innervate the internal anal sphincter?
inferior hypogastric plexus
the superior epigastric artery is a branch of which artery?
internal thoracic artery
the inferior epigastric artery is a branch of which artery?
external iliac artery
what does the pudendal vessel supply?
rectum, anal canal, and external sphincter
*Which structures crosses the root of mesentery?
Horizontal part of duodenum
Inferior vena cava
Abdominal Aorta
Right psoas major
Right ureter
Right gonadal(genital) artery
what are the structures that the mesentery crosses?
The ……… and ……… drains into the and forms the Cisterna chyli
Right lumbar trunk and left lumbar trunk
