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Physiology Winter 2012 > Physiology 11.28.12 ANS 1 > Flashcards

Physiology 11.28.12 ANS 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is NTS?

A

nuclues tractus soliatrius

major lower brainstem command center for control of peripheral organs

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2
Q

What is the role of hypothalamus

A

coordinates autonomic output and regulates feeding, body temp, circadian rhythm, emotion, exual drive, and other brain functions

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3
Q

Where are the cell bodies of preganglionic nueonrs of sympathetic division lovated?

A

intermediolateral horn of psinal cord

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4
Q

Where do axons of myelinated preganglionic neurons leave the spinal cord?

A

via VENTRAL ROOTS

at level T1-L3 (thoracolumbar)

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5
Q

Where do preganglionic neurons make synapse with postganglionic neurons??

A

in PARAVERTEBRAL sympathetic chain ganglia
upper chain ganglia merge into superior, middle and inferior cervical ganglia

or in the PREVERTEBRAL COLLATERAL ganglia (celiac, superior and inferior mesenteric ganglia)

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6
Q

Where do nonmyelintated axons of postganglionic neruosntravel ?

A

form these chaisnn and colaleratal ganglia to teh TISSUE THAT THEY INNERVATE

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7
Q

What is the exception to the 2-neuron rule for the sympathetic pathway?

A

Adrenal gland (medulla)!

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8
Q

What does adrenal gland (medulla) secrete?

A

90% Epinephrine

10% NE

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9
Q

What muscles are innervated by sympathetic system?

A

hair follicles
secretion of sweat glagnds
certain BV in skeletal muscles

This is via Sympathetic Cholinergic Pathway

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10
Q

What is the transmitter at the autonomic ganglia of sympathetic pathway

A

Ach

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11
Q

What combines together to make Ach

A

Chonline and acetylCoA combine to form ACh

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12
Q

Is the action of ACh short-lasting or long-lasting?

A

Short-lasting

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13
Q

What are the two ACh receptors

A
  1. Nicotinic - ion channel; multimer with several subunits

2. Muscarinic - one subunit, 7 TM, G protein 2nd messenger signaling

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14
Q

Which type of Ach receptors are predominant at sympathetic autonomic ganglia?

A

NICOTINIC!

Nicotinic is much faster than muscarinic in actino

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15
Q

Is the beta 2 adrenergic receptor closer to nicotinic or musscarinic receptor

A

it’s more similar to muscarinic

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16
Q

What is the predominant form of ACh receptor?

A

Nicotinic R are predominantly expressed!

keep in mind both are expressed though

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17
Q

What are the similarireis of nACH receptors in autonomic ganglia vs nACH R in skeletal? What type of Nicotinic R in each?

A

Same general structure

Different amino acid seqeunces

Sk muscle: N1 type Receptor

Autonomic neuron: N2 type receptor

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18
Q

What is the role of the muscarinic R

A

less abundantly expressed (compared to nictonici)

modulate strength of depolarization that is necessary for generation of repetitive AP firings

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19
Q

What is Decdamethonium?

A

stimulates N1

20
Q

What is Tubocurare

A

Blocks N1

21
Q

What is Teteramethylammonium

A

Stimulates N2

22
Q

How many isoforms of MUSCARINIC R are tehre

A

M1-M5

will ony discuss M1-M3

23
Q

What happens when Ach action on M1/M3

A

coupled to PLC –> IP3 & DAG by PIP2

24
Q

What happens when M1/M3 recepetors decreases PIP2 in membrane

A

level of PIP2 in membrane ins reduced due to its degradation by PLC -> inhibits active K+ curren (M current) –> produces small membrane depolarization

Increases excitability of the membrane, and allows repetiive firing of the neuron

25
Q

Whawt does Ach action on muscarinic receptors regualte

A

strength of innervatino of the organ

enchansces predominant Nicotinic effect) –> repetitive firing

26
Q

What is the role of M2 receptor

A

coupled to AC and K+ channel

27
Q

Which amino acids are precursors for the synthesis of Catecholiamines

A

Catacholamines = NE and Epi

Phe and Tyr are essential aa that are precursors for catecholaimnes

28
Q

which catecholamines

A

NE
Epi
Dopamine (within CNS)

29
Q

What are two major subtypes of adrenergic R

A

alpha

beta

30
Q

Difference between the binding of NE and Epi with adrenergic recetpros

A

Epi binds to B2

NE doesn’t bind to B2

difference in receptor specificity

31
Q

What are main receptors expressed in heart (myocytes)

A

beta 1

32
Q

which receptors are predominantly expressed in SM of vasculature

A

alpha 1

Beta 2

33
Q

What receptors woudl NE act on?

A

B1 receptors of heart

alpha 1 (not beta 2) R in BV SM

34
Q

main effect of Alpha 1 R

A

contractile effecet on SM via IP3-Ca

35
Q

Effect of Beta 1 and Beta 2

A

similar signaling pathway up to PKA

any difference in actions would be distal to PKA

Protien targets of PKA scould be different

36
Q

Effect of alpha 2 receptor

A

effect is small when AC activity and [cAMP] levels low

not well expressed in vascular SM cells and not significantly invovled in BP regulation by sympathetic NS

37
Q

What happens when NE is added to solution of perfusing heart

A

yes

38
Q

Where are cell bodies of preganglionic neurons of Parasympathetic division ?

A

Cranial protion of brainstem and in Sacral sements of spinal cord

CRANIOSACRAL

39
Q

Which cranial nerves supply parasympethic system

A

3 oculumotor
7 facial
9 glossopharyngeal
10 vagus

40
Q

does preganglionic neuron long or short?

A

long! and terminates close to effector organ

41
Q

What is the significance of the epinephrine effect

A

Various vascular beds react differently to epineprhine
REDISTRIBUTION OF BLOOD OCCURS

Decrease BF (hands, feet, skin alpha1> beta2)

Incraese skeletal muscle BF (Beta2&raquo_space;alpha1 effect)

Beta2- also stimualtes glucose produciton–for energy

42
Q

What is the effect of epinephrine for cutaneous blood flow (hands, feet, skin)

A

alpha1 R > beta2 R

therefore, Gi –> dcrease cutaneous BF

43
Q

What is the effect of epinephrine on skeletal muscle blood flow

A

beta2 R&raquo_space; alpha1 R

therefore Gs&raquo_space; Gi
Increase sk. muscle BF

B2 also stimulates glucose production for energy

44
Q

How does PS affect BV?

A

cholinergic innervation restricted to External genitalia and Certain cranila nerves

if ACh injected into blood, releaxation of SM in arteriorles adn fall in BP due to endothelial cells–NO

45
Q

How do organic nitrates like nitroglycerin work in treatment of angina pectoris caused by ischemic heart disease

A

These agents lead to formation of NO when administered to the body.

Vasorelaxatino roduced by NO increases blood supply t ischemic myocardium an ecreases oxygen consumptino by musce ==> this reduces pain

46
Q

How does viagra and cialis work?

A

inhibits PDE-5

inhibits the inhibitor of cGMP –> inhibits the terminatino of cGMP inot 5-GMP

Physiology Winter 2012 (10 decks)

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