physiology 11.05 Flashcards
Type of cells and their function in the stomach?
Parietal - HCl, Ca, Na, Mg, Intrinsic factor
Chief cells - pepsinogen. (CHIEF OF PEPSI)
Surface mucosal cells: mucus, HCO3.
What factor stabilizes von WIllebrand factor?
vWF stabilizes VIII
Which hormones secretion is reduced after surgery?
Insulin (NB! Hyperglycaemia)
Testosterone
Oestrogen
Diarrhoea after ileal resection?
Malabsorption of bile salts. Administer cholysteramine (bile salt binding agent)!
Also beware of B12 malabsorption - macrocytic anemia!
Treatment of hypercalciemia?
IV Pamidronate - first choice
IV Zoledronate - if malignancy
Prednisolone - if sarcoidosis, Vit C intoxication, myeloma
Calcitonine - quick onset, short duration
NB! QT elongation
When does the oxygen-dissociation curve shift to the right?
Increased demand of oxygen by tissues = raised oxygen delivery
CADET faces RIGHT CO2 Acidosis 2,3-DPG Exercise Temperature.
Diuretics and theirs site of action?
Loop - ascending loop of Henle - furosemide
Distal convoluted tubule - thiazides
Cortical collecting tubule - spironalocatone
For which substances are central chemoreceptors sensitive?
H+. Not O2!
Which substance causes the decrease in insulins secretion?
Beta-blockers!
Which causes increased functional residual capacity?
Increasing:
Emphysema
Asthma
Erect position
Decreasing: Fibrosis Laparoscopy Obesity Muscle relaxant Abdominal swelling
Where is calcitonin synthesized?
Thyroid
Erection innervation?
p = parasymphatetic = points s = sympathetic = shoots
Mechanism of action of PTH?
Activation of vit D to increase absorption of calcium from small intestine
Binds to osteoBLASTS which stimulate osteoclasts to resorb bone and relase calcium
Reabsorb Ca and Mg from distal convoluted tubule
Drugs causing SIADH? (water retention)
ABCD Analgesics (NSAID, opioids) Barbiturates Cyclophosphamide, Carbamazepin. Chlorpromazine Diuretics (thiazides)
How long does prothrombine (factor 2) live?
60 hours. Hence, warfarin (2,7,9,10) should be cancelled 3 days before planned surgery
Effects of raised ICP?
Cushing's triad: Widening of pulse pressure Bradycardia Cheyn Stokes \+ hypertension
Appetite hormones?
Leptin decreases
Ghrelin increases
GHHHHRRR I wanna eat
Hypokalemia on ECG?
U have no Pot and no T
but a long PR and long QT
Which drugs reduce renin synthesis?
NSAIDS, beta-blockers
WHat hormone stimulates synthesis of prolactine?
TSH
Mean arterial pressure formula?
MAP = (2Diast + syst) \ 3
Cerebral perfusion pressure?
CAP = MAP - ICP MAP = (2Diast+syst)\3
Oxygen dissociation curve shifts to the right?
CADET face right! CO2 Acidosis H+ 2,3DPG Exercise Temperature
Right - rise
Left - lower
Body fluids mnemonics?
60-40-20
60% of weight = water
40% of weight = intracellular
20% of weight = extracellular
