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MODULE 3 & 4 (var) > Physiology > Flashcards

Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the ff statements is FALSE

A. There is MORE rapid ejection rate in semilunar valves than AV valves

B. there is MORE pressure needed to close AV valves than semilunar valves

C. There is no chordae tendinae in semilunar valves

D. Semilunar valves are subjected to greater mechanical abrasion

A

B. less pressure to close AV valves

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2
Q

Valve/s CLOSE during period of ejection

A. AV valves

B. semilunar valves

C. Both

D. None

A

A. Semilunar valves OPEN

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2
Q

Also known as the upstroke

A. Phase 1

B. phase 2

C. Phase 3

D. Phase 4

E. Phase 0

A

E

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2
Q

What are the determinants of CO?

A. HR

B. SV

C. BOTH

D. NOTA

A

C

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2
Q

Caused by Over bulge of AV valve

A. C wave

B. a wave

C. V wave

A

A

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3
Q

A drug that changes heart’s excitability is changing the _____ of the heart

A. Chronotropism

B. Dromotropism

C. Inotropism

D. Bathmotropism

A

D

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3
Q

During which phase of the cardiac cycle does the mitral valve open?

A. Atrial systole

B. isovolumetric ventricular contraction

C. Rapid ventricular ejection

D. Isovolumetric ventricular relaxation

E. rapid ventricular filling

A

E

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3
Q

Contraction of the atria “tops off” ventricular filling with a final, small volume of blood from the atria, producing the ____

A. A wave

B. c wave

C. V wave

A

A

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4
Q

Which part of the ECG is characterized by transmission of electrical activity of the AV bundle

A

PR segment

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4
Q

All muscles in the heart are non automatic except

A. Atrial muscle

B. ventricular muscle

C. Bundle of His

D. None of the above

A

C

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4
Q

This surface of the heart is also known as the anterior surface. What is this surface mostly composed of?

A. R atrium

B. r ventricle

C. L atrium

D. L ventricle

A

B

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4
Q

In ECG,this Represents the time from the end of atrial depolarization to the start of ventricular depolarization

A

PR segment

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5
Q

What valves are open during isovolumetric relaxation

A. AV valves

B. semilunar valves

C. Both

D. None

A

D

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5
Q

Condition that leads to irreversible changes and death of cardiac muscle cells

A

MI

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5
Q

Majority of ventricular filling occurs in this phase?

A. Early systole

B. late systole

C. Early diastole

D. Late diastole

A

C

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5
Q

The ff cause an increase in stroke volume except

A. Inc force of contraction of ventricles

B. inc after load

C. Both

D. None of the above

A

B. dapat decrease un after load

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6
Q

Stroke volume output may be increased by

A. Increasing end diastolic volume

B. decreasing end systolic volume

C. Both

D. None of the above

A

C

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6
Q

Longest portion of the nodal action potential

A. Phase 1

B. phase 2

C. Phase 3

D. Phase 4

E. Phase 0

A

D

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6
Q

All of the ff can influence the BP except

A. HR

B. TPR

C. CO

D. NOTA

A

A

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6
Q

In ECG, this Represents the time required for SA node impulse to travel through the conduction system

A

PR interval

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7
Q

AV valves

A. prevents backflow of blood from ventricle to atrium during diastole

B. prevents backflow of blood from ventricle to atrium during systole

C. prevents backflow of blood from aortic valve to ventricle during diastole

D. prevents backflow of blood from aortic valve to ventricle during systole

A

B

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7
Q

Other name of AV node

A. Node of Keith and Flack

B. Node of Kent and TAwara

C. Purkinje fiber

D. Tract of Bachman

A

B

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7
Q

This interval in the in the ECG reading corresponds to the ventricular rate. This can be also be a marker for the HR read from the ECG

A. P-R interval

B. P-R interval

C. R-R interval

D. AOTA

A

C

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7
Q

Normal value of QT interval

A

0.44 sec

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8
Q

Aka maximum diastolic potential

A. Phase 1

B. phase 2

C. Phase 3

D. Phase 4

E. Phase 0

A

D

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8
Q

The most common adult rhythm with the rates between 60 -100 / min

A. Sinus rhythm

B. sinus bradycardia

C. Sinus tachycardia

D. Sinus exit block

A

A

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8
Q

A patient with AV block will have A. Increased PR interval B. decreased PR interval

A

A

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9
Q

An acute change in cardiac pressure

A. Cardiac tamponade

B. cardiac hypertrophy

C. Perocardial effusion

D. Pericarditis

A

A

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9
Q

Produced with vagal stimulation or due to sick sinus syndrome. ECG shows narrow QRS with upright P waves in lead II

A. Sinus rhythm

B. sinus bradycardia

C. Sinus tachycardia

D. Sinus exit block

A

B

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9
Q

True or false. Murmurs are turbulent flows

A

True

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10
Q

True or false, cardiac muscles contract LONGER than skeletal muscle

A

True, kc may plateau sila

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10
Q

Other name of SA node

A. Node of Keith and Flack

B. Node of Kent and TAwara

C. Purkinje fiber

D. Tract of Bachman

A

A

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10
Q

Which of the ff can result to an sinus tachycardia?

A. Pain

B. increased oxygen demand

C. Hypovolemia

D. Sympathetic stimulation

E. AOTA

F. NOTA

A

E

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10
Q

In ECG, this Represents the entire period of ventricular depolarization and repolarization

A

QT interval

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11
Q

A slow progressive increase in pericardial fluid

A. Cardiac tamponade

B. cardiac hypertrophy

C. Perocardial effusion

D. Pericarditis

A

C

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11
Q

True or false sinus arrhythmia is common on elderly population?

A

False … Common on children

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11
Q

Increasing PR interval means

A. Longer AV conduction time

B. shorter AV conduction time

A

A

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12
Q

Hyperkalemia may cause the following EXCEPT

A. Decrease action potential

B. Decrease heart rate

C. Makes heart flaccid

D. Increases contraction

E. none of the above

A

D. Decrease dapat

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12
Q

Valve located between the left atrium and left ventricle

A

MitraL valve

sa right, tRicuspid valve

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12
Q

Which type of fibrillation is asymptomatic?

A. Atrial

B. ventricular

C.sinus node

D. AOTA

A

A

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12
Q

In ECG , this represents time from end of ventricular depolarization to the start of ventricular repolarization

A

ST segment

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13
Q

What heart sound can be heard when AV valves close

A. First

B. second

C. Third

D. Fourth

A

A

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13
Q

Primary controller of cardiac output

A. Heart

B. venous return

C. Capillary function

D. CNS

A

B

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13
Q

Described as the state of the heart is FULL because it is the volume after ventricular filling

A. After load

B. preload

C. ESV

D. EDV

A

D

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13
Q

What part of the ECG pattern shows an isoelectric segment

A

ST segment

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14
Q

A murmur heart throughout systole is

A. Insufficient AV valve, stenotic SL valve

B. stenotic AV valve, stenotic SL valve

C. Insufficient AV valve, insufficient SL valve

D. Stenotic AV valve, insufficient SL valve

A

A

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14
Q

The base of the heart is occupied by this chamber?

A. L atrium

B. r atrium

C. L ventricle

D. R ventricle

A

A

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14
Q

Limb leads provide ______ plane while chest leads provide _____ plane of the heart

A. Horizontal, vertical

B. horizontal, horizontal

C. Vertical, vertical

D. Vertical , horizontal

A

D

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15
Q

Sympathetic stimulation of the heart except

A. Increase heart rate

B. increase force of contractility

C. Increase volume of blood pumped

D. Decrease ejection pressure

A

D. Dapat increase

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15
Q

In the conduction sys of the heart where is the slowest conduction

A. SA node

B. AV node

c. Bundle of His

D. Purkinje fiber

A

B.

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15
Q

Which receptor will be activated when there’s an inc. in pressure on blood vessels?

A

Baroreceptor,, carotid sinus location

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15
Q

A man presents with chest pain. You Suspect MI.. Did ECG .. Observed ST elevation on V1 and v2. What vessel is most likely blocked?

A

Left descending artery

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16
Q

What valves are open during isovolumetric contraction

A

None

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16
Q

True or false. SA node resting membrane potential is HIGHER than in neuromuscular junctions

A

False. LOWER. RMP is -60 Threshold is -40

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16
Q

A.k.a junctional node

A

Av node

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16
Q

A man was found to have lateral wall MI, Most likely there is also

A. Septal wall MI

B. anterior wall MI

C. Inferior wall MI

D. superior wall MI

A

C. Same artery supplies it

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17
Q

Valves close during isovolumetric contraction

A

AV valves and semilunar valves .

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17
Q

True or false. left side of the heart has THICKER muscle

A

True. Kc systemic circulation is a high pressure high resistant circuit so thicker muscle is needed to overcome it

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17
Q

Valvular prolapse causes back flow of the blood. It can be caused by the ff except:

A. Streptococcal bacterial infection

B. rheumatic fever

C. HTN

D. NOTA

A

C

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17
Q

In counting heart rate in an ECG strip, if there is irregularity in RR intervals. The best method to use is

A. Rule of 300

B. mathematical formula

C. Six second strip

D. Either of the choices

A

C

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18
Q

The amount of extracellular calcium entering the plateau phase is directly proportional to the ff except

A. Intracellular calcium concentration

B. number of open calcium channels

C. Duration of action potential

D. Number of action potential

A

A. Dapat extracellular kc mas dun nagdedepend un heart

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18
Q

Impingement of the mitral valve due to back flow of the blood

A

Austin flint murmur

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18
Q

In ECG this represents the Interval from the start of the P wave to the beginning of the QRS complex

A

PR interval

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19
Q

S2

A. Closing of AV valves

B. closing of semilunar valves

C. Rapid ventricular filling

D. Atrial systole

A

B

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19
Q

Absent P wave is indicative of what abnormality?

A

Atrial arrhythmia

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19
Q

Normal range for PR interval

A

0.12-0.2 sec

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20
Q

When semilunar valve close it can be heard as _____ heart sound

A. First

B. second

C. Third

D. Fourth

20
Q

Heart sound that is Audible in children with mitral stenosis

20
Q

Most frequent site of MI

A. L ATRIUM

B. L VENTRICLE

C. R ATRIUM

D. R VENTRICLE

20
Q

The atrial rise in pressure during atrial diastole is the

A. C wave

B. a wave

C. V wave

21
Q

Pacemaker of the heart

21
Q

This segment/ interval in the ECG tracing corresponds to the ventricular contraction time. If this segment is too long it means that the heart is weak.

A. PR interval

B. QT segment

C. PR segment

D. QT interval

21
Q

Coughing

A. Decreases PR interval

B. increases PR interval

22
Q

sequence of electrical and mechanical events occurring in the heart during a single beat and the resulting changes in pressure, flow, and volume in the various cardiac chambers

A

Cardiac cycle

22
Q

If the SA and AV Nodes fail, this will take over

A

bundle of His

22
Q

An increase in the net concentration of this ion will cause a flaccid heart effect, leading to ventricular fibrillation.

A. Ca

B. Na

C. K

D. Cl

22
Q

In what phase does pacemaker potential occurs

23
Q

the difference in the volume of blood in the ventricle at the end of diastole and at the end of systole

A

Stroke volume

23
Q

S3

A. Closing of AV valves

B. closing of semilunar valves

C. Rapid ventricular filling

D. Atrial systole

23
Q

Which among the valves correspond to the DUB sound

A

Pulmonary and aortic valve

24
Q

Period in the cardiac cycle wherein there is ventricular contraction but no ejection of blood

A. Filling

B. ejection

C. Ventricular relaxation

D. Ventricular contraction

24
Q

Importance of the internodal delay in the AV node

A

Allow ventricle to be filled with blood

24
Q

Increase in BP will result to ______ HR while an increase in temp will result to ______ HR

A. INC, DEC

B. DEC, INC

C. INC, INC

D. DEC, DEC

E. INC, NO CHANGE

25
Q

How much pressure must be overcome by ventricular pressure to open semilunar valves

25
Q

Plateau phase

A. Phase 1

B. phase 2

C. Phase 3

D. Phase 4

E. Phase 0

25
Q

A.k.a. Pulmonic pump

A

R ventricle

26
Q

When does atrial systole become important in ventricular filling

A. Resting condition

B. exercising condition

A

B. normally okay LNG Khit dysfunction un atrial systole kc 20% LNG un contribution Niya sa ventricular filling

26
Q

Acidosis can inhibit myocardial contractility. It is a

A. Negative Dromotropic

B. negative inotropic

C. Negative bathmotropic

D. Negative chronotropic

26
Q

Ejection fraction except

A. Determines the percentage of blood pumped out from the R ventricle over its EDV

B. 60% is still normal

C. Determines the percentage of the SV over the EDV of L ventricle

D. 70% is still normal

27
Q

Arrange the ff sequence of blood circulation of a deoxygenated blood

  1. Superior Vena cava
  2. Left ventricle
  3. Left atrium
  4. Right ventricle
  5. Right atrium
  6. Tricuspid valve
  7. Mitral valve
  8. Lungs
  9. Aorta
27
Q

How can myocardial ischemia decrease cardiac contractility

A

Inhibition of calcium channels

27
Q

This pacemaker has the smallest fibers and tend to be the only pacemaker left for the ventricles during third degree heart block

A

Purkinje fibers

28
Q

What valves are CLOSE during isovolumetric relaxation

A. AV valves

B. semilunar valves

C. Both

D. None

28
Q

True or false. LEFT atrial systole occurs first

A

False. Una un right

28
Q

Nerve that causes the flaccid heart is

A

Vagus nerve

29
Q

short period of backward flow of blood immediately before closure of the aortic valve,followed by sudden cessation of the backflow

29
Q

What phase in the cardiac cycle does atrium increase in size due to venous return

A

Reduced ejection

29
Q

The ff describes the AV nodes EXCEPT

A. Where electrical conduction is at its slowest

B. N region is the most common site of AV block

C. Has large diameter

D. NH assumes pacemaker function when SA node is depressed

A

C. Small diameter. Kya NGa mabagal un conduction dun e

29
Q

Filling of ventricles occur maximally during

A. Isovolumic cxn period

B. Atrial systole

C. Vasodilation

D. Rapid ejection period

E. first 1/3 of diastole

30
Q

Which of the following comprises the AV valves

A. Tricuspid valve

B. mitral valve

C. Both

D. None

A

C. Semilunar valves un aortic and pulmonary valve

30
Q

When ejection exceeds aortic pressure run off

A. Aortic pressure increases

B. aortic pressure decreases

C. No change in aortic pressure

30
Q

SV is said to be lowest in which of the ff?

A. Muscular activity

B. Recumbent position

C. Slow walking

D. Erect position

31
Q

Semilunar valves

A. prevents backflow of blood from ventricle to atrium during diastole

B. prevents backflow of blood from ventricle to atrium during systole

C. prevents backflow of blood from aortic valve to ventricle during diastole

D. prevents backflow of blood from aortic valve to ventricle during systole

31
Q

Site of principal delay in the conduction sys of the heart

A

AV node specifically AN region

32
Q

Semilunar valves refer to the ff except

A. Composed of aortic and pulmonary valve

B. requires no backflow

C. prevents backflow of blood from aortic valve to ventricle during diastole

D. Requires a quick backflow to cause closure

A

B. AV valve un requires no backflow to cause closure

32
Q

Heart sound audible with left ventricular hypertrophy patients

33
Q

Valve/s OPEN during period of filling

A. AV valves

B. semilunar valves

C. Both

D. None

A

A. Semilunar valves close

33
Q

Where can you hear the largest heart sound

A

Left 5 th ICS MCL. Apex beat

34
Q

Sequence of electrical conduction of the heart

A. Bundle of His

B. Purkenje fiber

C. SA node

D. Internodal pathway

34
Q

True or false,congenital defect of the pericardial sac is fatal

35
Q

Characteristic of second heart sound except

A. Semilunar valves close

B. short lasting as compared to first heart sound

C. Low vibration

D. Occurs at the end of systole

A

C. High vibration dapat

35
Q

The following can cause positive shift in maximum diastolic pressure except

A. Inc depolarization rate

B. decrease pre potential

C. Dec threshold

D. None of the above

A

B. dapat increase

36
Q

Which of the following statements is TRUE

A. External work refers to the movement of blood from LOWER pressure VEINS to HIGHER pressure ARTERIES

B. External work refers to the movement of blood from HIGHER pressure VEINS to LOWER pressure ARTERIES

C. External work refers to the movement of blood from HIGHER pressure ARTERIES to LOWER pressure VEINS

D. External work refers to the movement of blood from LOWER pressure ARTERIES to HIGHER pressure VEINS

36
Q

True or false. Artery have thicker wall than veins

37
Q

What heart sound is associated with very fast ventricular filling

A. First

B. second

C. Third

D. Fourth

37
Q

sum of all the local blood flows through all the individual tissue segments of the peripheral circulation

A

Venous return

38
Q

What type of cardiac muscle is responsible for the autorhythmicity of the heart

A. Atrial muscle

B. ventricular muscle

C. Conductive and excitable muscle

D. All of the above

38
Q

Used as the power pump of the heart

A

VentriclesAtria- primer pumps

39
Q

Natural pacemaker of the heart

39
Q

Function of cardiac valves

A

Prevent backflow/ regurgitation of bloodAssures forward flow of blood

40
Q

The ff refers to SA node except

A. Capable of self excitation

B. located at the superior posterolateral part of the right atrium

C, directly connected to atrial muscle fibers

D. None of the above

40
Q

Arteries are also called capacitance vessels. Veins are called resistance vessels

A. 1st statement true, second statement false

B. 1st statement false, 2nd statement false

C. Both are true

D. Both are false

A

D. Veins un capacitance, arteries un resistance. Pag capillaries naman exchange vessel

41
Q

Importance of delay in the transmission of conduction of atrium to ventricle

A

Allows ventricle to be filled with blood

41
Q

True or false. The pulmonary artery carries OXYGENATED Blood

A

False. Deoxygenated

42
Q

Which part of ECG is characterized by prolonged wave

42
Q

What part of the cardiac cycle corresponds the apex beat

A

Rapid ejection

43
Q

Heart rate is determined by

A. Interval bet 2 P wave

B. interval bet 2 QRS wave

C. Interval bet 2 T wave

D. Interval bet 2 z line

43
Q

A murmur heard during diastole

A. Insufficient AV valve, stenotic SL valve

B. stenotic AV valve, stenotic SL valve

C. Insufficient AV valve, insufficient SL valve

D. Stenotic AV valve, insufficient SL valve

44
Q

The ff may cause tachycardia except

A. Fever

B. simple weakening of myocardium

C. Symphatolytic agent

D. Increase rate of metabolism of SA node

44
Q

Negative shift in maximum diastolic potential results in

A. Bradycardia

B. tachycardia

45
Q

In pre cordial leads, where will you put v1

A

V1 4th ICS R parasternal border

V2 4th ICS L parasternal border

V3 between V2 and V4

V4 5th ICS L MCL

V5 5th ICS L AAL

V6 5th ICS left MAL

45
Q

First 1/3 of the ventricular diastole corresponds the _____ in the cardiac cycle

A

Rapid filling Second 1/3 un reduced filling Last 1/3 un atrial systole

46
Q

In precordial leads, what lead is put in 5th ICS L MCL

46
Q

What heart sound is heard immediately before first heart sound

47
Q

Major reservoir of extra blood

A. Artery

B. capillary

C. Vein

D. Arterioles

47
Q

S4

A. Closing of AV valves

B. closing of semilunar valves

C. Rapid ventricular filling

D. Atrial systole

48
Q

Main source of energy of the heart

A. Carbohydrate

B. protein

C. Fatty acids

D. Nucleotides

48
Q

S1 signifies

A. Closing of AV valves

B. closing of semilunar valves

C. Rapid ventricular filling

D. Atrial systole

49
Q

Characteristic of an action potential of SA node EXCEPT

A. Spontaneous generation of impulse even without neural input

B. unstable resting membrane potential

C. No sustained plateau

D. Exhibits tetany

50
Q

Other name for conductivity

A. Chronotropism

B. Dromotropism

C. Inotropism

D. Bathmotropism

51
Q

blood flowing rapidly in the usual direction through an abnormally narrow valve

A. Stenosis

B. insufficiency

C. Tamponade

D. Myocardial infarction

52
Q

Blood flowing backward through a damaged leaky valve

A. Stenosis

B. insufficiency

C. Tamponade

D. Myocardial infarction

53
Q

What disease is most commonly associated with gallop rhythm

A

Congestive heart failure

54
Q

True or false. Atrium contracts first compared to ventricle

54
Q

30% of blood volume is pumped into the ventricle during what cardiac cycle phase

A

Atrial systole/ pre systole

55
Q

To increase the turbulence flow the ff must be done except

A. Increase diameter

B. increase viscosity

C. Increase fluid density

D. Increase velocity

A

B. dapat decrease

56
Q

According to the streamline flow, what part has the fastest velocity

A. Lateral side

B. medial side

C. Anterior

D. Posterior

57
Q

True or false. In normal circumstances there is turbulent flow

A

True. In the aorta and carotid sinus

58
Q

Other name for autorhythmicity

A. Chronotropism

B. Dromotropism

C. Inotropism

D. Bathmotropism

59
Q

Inability to open completely

A. Stenosis

B. insufficiency

C. Tamponade

D. Myocardial infarction

60
Q

Represents ventricular repolarization in the ECG

60
Q

Inability to close completely

A. Stenosis

B. insufficiency

C. Tamponade

D. Myocardial infarction

61
Q

Accounts for the automaticity of nodal cells

A. Phase 1

B. phase 2

C. Phase 3

D. Phase 4

E. Phase 0

62
Q

Which of the following is the correct sequence of cardiac cycle

A. Rapid filling , diastasis, isovolumetric relaxation , atrial systole

B. diastasis, isovolumetric relaxation, atrial systole, rapid filling

C. Isovolumetric relaxation, rapid filling , diastasis. Atrial systole

D. Atrial systole, isovolumetric relaxation, diastasis, rapid filling

63
Q

Main goal of circulatory system

A

Tissue perfusion

64
Q

Ejection fraction refers to the following EXCEPT

A. Is normally around 60%

B. fraction of end diastolic volume ejected

C. Fraction of end systolic volume ejected

D. Two of the above

64
Q

True or false, left coronary artery is SHORTER than the right one

A

True, but supplies more

65
Q

P wave represents

A

Atrial depolarization

65
Q

Things that causes negative inotropism

A. Digoxin

B. verapamil

C. Norepinephrine

D. Epinephrine

66
Q

Progressive and sustained enlargement of the heart

A. Cardiac tamponade

B. cardiac hypertrophy

C. Perocardial effusion

D. Pericarditis

67
Q

True or false. Mitral valve has muscles

A

False. Its movement is dictated by PRESSURE gradient

68
Q

Represents ventricular diastole in ECG

68
Q

Condition in which bleeding occurs due to puncture of coronary vessels during catherization

A. Cardiac tamponade

B. cardiac hypertrophy

C. Perocardial effusion

D. Pericarditis

69
Q

Represents ventricular depolarization in ECG

A

QRS complex

70
Q

defined as the volume of blood ejected from the heart per unit time

A

Cardiac output

72
Q

Where can you hear apex beat

A

Left 5th ICS

MODULE 3 & 4 (var) (5 decks)

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