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MD 1 Physiology (MCQ) > Physiology 1 - Intro to Physiology > Flashcards

Physiology 1 - Intro to Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

What is Homeostasis?

A

The ability of the body to maintain a stable internal (cellular) environment

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2
Q

What are the Components of Plasma Membrane?

A
  • Lipid bilayer (phospholipid bilayer)
  • Proteins
    • integral proteins
    • peripheral proteins
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3
Q

Plasma membrane is selectively permeable based on:

A
  • size
  • electrical charge
  • molecular size
  • lipid solubility
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4
Q

What is Osmosis?

A

the diffusion of water across the cell membrane

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5
Q

What is Diffusion?

A

the movement of particles across a lipid soluble barrier from an area of higher solute concentration to an area of lower solute concentration

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6
Q

What is the Diffusion Equation?

A
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7
Q

What is Osmolarity?

A

the concentration of an osmotic solution

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8
Q

What is Tonicity?

A

the osmotic pressure of a solution

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9
Q

What is an Isotonic solution?

A

a solution that does not cause osmotic flow of water in or out of a cell

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10
Q

What is a Hypotonic solution?

A

has less solutes and loses water through osmosis

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11
Q

A cell in hypotonic solution:

A
  • gains water
  • ruptures (lyses)
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12
Q

What is a Hypertonic solution?

A

has more solutes and gains water by osmosis

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13
Q

A cell in hypertonic solution:

A
  • loses water
  • shrinks (crenation)
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14
Q

What are Carrier-Mediated Transport Characteristics (3)?

A
  • Specificity (one transport protein, onse st of substrates)
  • Saturation Limits (rate depends on transport proteins, not substrate
  • Competition
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15
Q

What is Facilitated Diffusion and how does it work?

A
  • passive
  • carrier proteins transport molecules too large to fit through channel proteins (glucose, amino acids)
  • molecule binds to receptor site on carrier protein
  • protein changes shape, molecules pass through
  • receptor site is specific to certain molecules
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16
Q

What is Active Transport? What does it require?

A
  • active transport proteins move substrates against concentration gradient
  • requires ATP
17
Q

What is Cotransport?

A

two substances move in the same direction at the same time

18
Q

What is Countertransport?

A

one substance moves in while the other moves out

19
Q

What is the Sodium-potassium exchange pump?

A
  • active transport, carrier mediated
  • Sodium ions out, potassium ions in
  • 1 ATP moves 3 Na out and 2 K in
20
Q

What are some Examples of Secondary Active Transport?

A
  • Na+-glucose cotransport (symport)
  • Na+-Ca2+ countertransport (antiport)
21
Q

What are the two main types of bulk transport?

A
  • endocytosis
  • exocytosis
22
Q

How does Receptor-mediated endocytosis work?

A
  • Receptors bind target molecules (ligands)
  • Coated vesicle (endosome) carries ligands and receptors into the cell
23
Q

What is Pinocytosis?

A

endosomes “drink” extracellular fluid

24
Q

What is Phagocytosis?

A

engulf large objects in phagosomes

25
Q

What is Exocytosis?

A

granules or droplets are released from the cell

26
Q

What is Transmembrane Potential?

A

unequal charge across a plasma membrane created by separation of charges

27
Q

What is the value of Resting potential for most cells?

A

Ranges from -10 mV to -100 mV

28
Q

What is the Nernst Equation?

A
  • E = -2.3 RT/zF log10 [Ci]/[Ce]
  • Determines electrochemical equilibrium
29
Q

What are some causes of Isotonic Loss?

A

decreased intake, vomiting, diarrhea

30
Q

What are some causes of Isotonic Gain?

A

retention from kidney disease, overload with IV fluids

31
Q

What are some causes of Hypotonic Loss?

A

deficient water, diabetes insipidus, inadequate ADH production, excessive sweating

32
Q

What are some causes of Hypotonic Gain?

A

excessive water, SIADH (excess ADH)

33
Q

What are some causes of Hypertonic Loss?

A

excess loop/thiazide diuretics, adrenocortical insufficiency

34
Q

What are some causes of Hypertonic Gain?

A

salt tabs, excessive salt intake, overload with hypertonic IV fluids (treatment for cerebral edema)

MD 1 Physiology (MCQ) (5 decks)

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