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Sem. B - Pharmacology > Physiological Response > Flashcards

Physiological Response Flashcards

Learn how the body responds to LAS specific drugs

1
Q

Amiodarone Hydrochloride

A
  • ​Acts to stabilise and reduce electrical irritability of cardiac muscle
  • Lengthens cardiac action potential
  • Prolongs QT interval on ECG
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2
Q

Adrenaline 1:10,000

A
  • A sympathomimetic that stimulates(agonist) both alpha- & beta-adrenergic receptors
  • Blood flow is enhanced during CPR which becomes more effective due to increased peripheral resistance which improves perfusion pressures
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3
Q

Adrenaline 1:1000

A

-RR

+BP

-HR
​

  • Reverses allergic manifestations of acute anaphylaxis
  • Relieves bronchospasm in acute severe asthma
  • Dilation of bronchioles
  • Constriction of blood vessels
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4
Q

Aspirin

A
  • Antiplatelet action stops platelets & thrombin aggregating, discouraging further clot formation
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5
Q

Atropine Sulfate

A
  • Reverses effects of vagal overdrive
  • Increases heart rate by blocking vagal activity in sinus bradycardia, second or third degree heart block
  • Enhances A-V conduction
  • Cardiac output increases
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6
Q

Benzylpenicillin Sodium

A
  • Narrow-spectrum antibiotic
  • Destroys bacteria by breaking down their cell walls
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7
Q

Chlorphenamine

A

+BP

-HR

-RR

  • Antihistamine that blocks the effect of histamine released during a hypersensitivity (allergic) reaction
  • reduces:
    • vasodilation
    • hypotension
    • tachycardia
    • bronchoconstriction
    • flushing
    • headache
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8
Q

Dexamethasone

A

-RR
​

  • Corticosteroid - reduces subglottic inflammation
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9
Q

Diazepam

A

-BP

-HR

-RR
​

  • Central nervous system depressant
  • Anticonvulsant
  • Sedative
  • Muscle relaxant
  • Lowers BP
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10
Q

Ipratromium Bromide

A

-HR

-RR

+BP
​

  • Antimuscarinic bronchodilator providing short-term relief in asthma
  • Greater benefit in:
    • children suffering acute asthma
    • adults suffering COPD
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11
Q

Glucagon

A

+BM

-HR

+RR

+BP
​

  • Blood glucose levels rise in the systemic circulation
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12
Q

Glucose 10%

A

+BM

-HR

+RR

+BP
​

  • Reversal of hypoglycaemia by direct delivery of glucose to the systemic circulation
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13
Q

Glucose 40% (oral gel)

A

+BM

-HR

+RR

+BP
​

  • Rapid increase in blood glucose levels via buccal absorption
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14
Q

Glyceryl Trinitrate (GTN)

A

+HR

-BP
​

  • Potent vasodilator drug resulting in:
    • Dilation of coronary arteries/relief of coronary spasm
    • Dilation of systemic veins resulting in lower pre-load
    • Reduced blood pressure
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15
Q

Hydrocortisone

A

+/-HR

+BP

+BM
​

  • Glucocorticoid drug that restores BP, blood glucose, cardiac synchronicity & volume
  • Supression of inflammation & immune response
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16
Q

Ibuprofen

A

-TEMP

-HR
​

  • Analgesic (relieves pain)
  • Antipyretic (relieves temperature)
  • Anti-inflammatory (reduces inflammation)
17
Q

Midazolam (pt own)

A

-BP

-RR

-HR
​

  • Short-acting benzodiazepine
  • Anxiolytic, sedative & anticonvulsant properties
  • usually active within 5 mins of buccal administration
  • Sedative effect decreases from 15 mins onwards
18
Q

Morphine Sulfate

A

-BP

-RR

-HR
​

  • Strong opioid analgesic
  • Produces sedation, euphoria & analgesia
  • Cardiovascular & respiratory depression
  • Can induce hypotension
  • Histamine is released following morphine administration which may contribute to vasodilatory effects, urticaria & bronchoconstriction that are sometimes seen
19
Q

Naloxone Hydrochloride (Narcan)

A

+RR

+GCS
​

  • Complete or partial reversal of the respiratory depression effects of opioid drugs
  • Increase in respiratory rate
  • Increase in level of consciousness
20
Q

Nitrous Oxide (Entonox)

A

-HR
​

  • Inhaled analgesic agent
  • Decrease in perceived pain
21
Q

Ondansetron

A
  • anti-emetic that blocks 5HT receptors both centrally and in the GI tract
22
Q

Oxygen

A
  • Essential for cell metabolism
  • Reversal of hypoxia
23
Q

Paracetamol

A

-TEMP

-HR
​

  • Analgesic (relieves pain)
  • Antipyretic (relieves temperature)
24
Q

Salbutamol

A

-RR

-BP

+HR
​

  • Selective ß2 adrenoreceptor stimulant
  • Relaxant effect on the smooth muscle in medium & smaller airways(bronchioles) which spasm in acute asthma attacks
25
Q

Sodium Chloride 0.9%

A
  • Increases vascular fluid volume which consequently raises cardiac output and improves perfusion
26
Q

Syntometrine

A
  • Stimulates vasoconstriction & muscular contraction in the uterus
27
Q

Tranexamic Acid

A
  • Anti-fibrinolytic which reduces the breakdown of blood clots

Sem. B - Pharmacology (5 decks)

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