Physiological Response Flashcards
Learn how the body responds to LAS specific drugs
1
Q
Amiodarone Hydrochloride
A
- Acts to stabilise and reduce electrical irritability of cardiac muscle
- Lengthens cardiac action potential
- Prolongs QT interval on ECG
2
Q
Adrenaline 1:10,000
A
- A sympathomimetic that stimulates(agonist) both alpha- & beta-adrenergic receptors
- Blood flow is enhanced during CPR which becomes more effective due to increased peripheral resistance which improves perfusion pressures
3
Q
Adrenaline 1:1000
A
-RR
+BP
-HR
- Reverses allergic manifestations of acute anaphylaxis
- Relieves bronchospasm in acute severe asthma
- Dilation of bronchioles
- Constriction of blood vessels
4
Q
Aspirin
A
- Antiplatelet action stops platelets & thrombin aggregating, discouraging further clot formation
5
Q
Atropine Sulfate
A
- Reverses effects of vagal overdrive
- Increases heart rate by blocking vagal activity in sinus bradycardia, second or third degree heart block
- Enhances A-V conduction
- Cardiac output increases
6
Q
Benzylpenicillin Sodium
A
- Narrow-spectrum antibiotic
- Destroys bacteria by breaking down their cell walls
7
Q
Chlorphenamine
A
+BP
-HR
-RR
- Antihistamine that blocks the effect of histamine released during a hypersensitivity (allergic) reaction
- reduces:
- vasodilation
- hypotension
- tachycardia
- bronchoconstriction
- flushing
- headache
8
Q
Dexamethasone
A
-RR
- Corticosteroid - reduces subglottic inflammation
9
Q
Diazepam
A
-BP
-HR
-RR
- Central nervous system depressant
- Anticonvulsant
- Sedative
- Muscle relaxant
- Lowers BP
10
Q
Ipratromium Bromide
A
-HR
-RR
+BP
- Antimuscarinic bronchodilator providing short-term relief in asthma
- Greater benefit in:
- children suffering acute asthma
- adults suffering COPD
11
Q
Glucagon
A
+BM
-HR
+RR
+BP
- Blood glucose levels rise in the systemic circulation
12
Q
Glucose 10%
A
+BM
-HR
+RR
+BP
- Reversal of hypoglycaemia by direct delivery of glucose to the systemic circulation
13
Q
Glucose 40% (oral gel)
A
+BM
-HR
+RR
+BP
- Rapid increase in blood glucose levels via buccal absorption
14
Q
Glyceryl Trinitrate (GTN)
A
+HR
-BP
- Potent vasodilator drug resulting in:
- Dilation of coronary arteries/relief of coronary spasm
- Dilation of systemic veins resulting in lower pre-load
- Reduced blood pressure
15
Q
Hydrocortisone
A
+/-HR
+BP
+BM
- Glucocorticoid drug that restores BP, blood glucose, cardiac synchronicity & volume
- Supression of inflammation & immune response
16
Q
Ibuprofen
A
-TEMP
-HR
- Analgesic (relieves pain)
- Antipyretic (relieves temperature)
- Anti-inflammatory (reduces inflammation)
17
Q
Midazolam (pt own)
A
-BP
-RR
-HR
- Short-acting benzodiazepine
- Anxiolytic, sedative & anticonvulsant properties
- usually active within 5 mins of buccal administration
- Sedative effect decreases from 15 mins onwards
18
Q
Morphine Sulfate
A
-BP
-RR
-HR
- Strong opioid analgesic
- Produces sedation, euphoria & analgesia
- Cardiovascular & respiratory depression
- Can induce hypotension
- Histamine is released following morphine administration which may contribute to vasodilatory effects, urticaria & bronchoconstriction that are sometimes seen
19
Q
Naloxone Hydrochloride (Narcan)
A
+RR
+GCS
- Complete or partial reversal of the respiratory depression effects of opioid drugs
- Increase in respiratory rate
- Increase in level of consciousness
20
Q
Nitrous Oxide (Entonox)
A
-HR
- Inhaled analgesic agent
- Decrease in perceived pain
21
Q
Ondansetron
A
- anti-emetic that blocks 5HT receptors both centrally and in the GI tract
22
Q
Oxygen
A
- Essential for cell metabolism
- Reversal of hypoxia
23
Q
Paracetamol
A
-TEMP
-HR
- Analgesic (relieves pain)
- Antipyretic (relieves temperature)
24
Q
Salbutamol
A
-RR
-BP
+HR
- Selective ß2 adrenoreceptor stimulant
- Relaxant effect on the smooth muscle in medium & smaller airways(bronchioles) which spasm in acute asthma attacks
25
Q
Sodium Chloride 0.9%
A
- Increases vascular fluid volume which consequently raises cardiac output and improves perfusion
26
Q
Syntometrine
A
- Stimulates vasoconstriction & muscular contraction in the uterus
27
Q
Tranexamic Acid
A
- Anti-fibrinolytic which reduces the breakdown of blood clots
