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CETP > Physiological Methods In Audiology > Flashcards

Physiological Methods In Audiology Flashcards

1
Q

What are some examples of physiological testing?

A

ABR, OAE, ASSR, etc

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2
Q

Name 5 examples of when we would refer someone to do a physiological test

A
  1. People who suffer from dizziness or vertigo
  2. People who have unilateral tinnitus.
  3. People who have unilateral hearing loss or asymmetry.
  4. People with a sudden hearing loss.
  5. People with very poor WRS or differences in WRS
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3
Q

What are the four kinds of auditory evoked potentials?

A
  1. Short latency
  2. Middle latency
  3. long latency
  4. P300
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4
Q

Name 5 things we look at (parameters) that are important for ABR.

A
  1. Latency.
  2. Inter latency
  3. Morphology
  4. Amplitude
  5. Reproductibility
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5
Q

What part of the brain does short latency ABR measure?

A

Hindbrain - contains cochlear nucleus, auditory nerve and SOC.

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6
Q

What are the two purposes of ABR testing?

A
  1. Threshold search
  2. Neurodiagnostic
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7
Q

Which waves are measured for short-latency response ABR? Which wave gives us the most information?

A

Wave I, II, III, IV, V

Wave V gives us the most information

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8
Q

When placing electrodes, what does the impedance have to be in order to continue with testing?

A

5 or more

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9
Q

In ABR testing, which filter do we use for adults vs children?

A

Adults is 100 - 3000 Hz, and children is 30 Hz

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10
Q

What does two channel ABR allow?

A

Measurements in ipsi and contra

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11
Q

Name 4 factors that can influence ABR results

A
  1. Age: children have longer latencies
  2. Sex: latencies for shorter for women and women have higher amplitudes
  3. Medications: lidocaine can influence results
  4. Temperature: hypothermia can cause longer latencies
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12
Q

How sensitive is ABR to retrocochlear disorders?

A

95%

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13
Q

Name 4 common conditions that seen with abnormal ABR

A
  1. Acoustic neuroma - tumour on 8th cranial nerve
  2. Parkinson’s
  3. Multiple sclerosis
  4. Auditory neuropathy
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14
Q

What are some common ABR findings in an acoustic neuroma?

A
  • Prolonged latency of wave V
  • Absence of waves
  • Poor morphology
  • amplitude of wave V is under 0.5
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15
Q

What are some findings in an ABR of multiple sclerosis?

A
  • Interlatency is prolonged
  • Lowered amplitudes
  • Poor morphology
  • Bad reproductibilité
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16
Q

What are some findings of an ABR with Parkinson’s?

A
  • Prolonged latencies
  • Poor morphology
  • Amplitude of wave III can be affected (worse if on medications)
17
Q

What are some findings of an ABR of auditory neuropathy?

A

Poor morphology, waves can be absent of simply abnormal

18
Q

What is Electrocochleography?

A

A type of objective assessment that measures potentials in auditory regions

19
Q

What are the two types of electrodes for Electrocochleography?

A
  1. Trans tympanic: gives best results but most invasive as electrode is placed directly on round window.
  2. Extra tympanic: this electrode is placed close to the TM and is non-invasive so a better option for testing.
20
Q

What are the three component measures for Electrocochleography?

A
  1. Cochlear microphones: electrical response from hair cells
  2. Summation potential: response from cochlear hair cells
  3. Action potential: response from the auditory nerve
21
Q

What are the four waves for middle latency evoked potentials? What area of the brain does it measure?

A

Waves: Na, Pa, Nb, Pb
Measures midbrain

22
Q

Long latency evoked potentials have which waves? Which area of the brain is it measuring?

A

Waves : p1, n1, p2, n2
Measures the forebrain

23
Q

What is the P300?

A

Event-related potentials that involves an odd-ball procedure and two different signals : frequent and rare.
- A way of measuring discrimination between sounds.

24
Q

What is ASSR?

A

An objective assessment where a tone is presented continuously to measure auditory thresholds

25
Q

What are 3 differences between ABR and ASSR?

A
  1. ABR includes periods of silence, ASSR is continuous sound
  2. ABR is manual and ASSR is automated
  3. ABR is useful in determining a diagnostic and ASSR is useful in estimating thresholds
26
Q

Name 3 advantages of ASSR

A
  1. Frequency specific
  2. Can go up to 120 dB HL - it can detect profound losses unlike ABR
  3. Everything is automated
27
Q

What are OAEs? Name the 4 types

A

An objective assessment that masures response from the OHCs
Types:
1. Spontaneous OAE
2. Stimulus frequency OAE
3. Transient OAE
4. Distortion product OAE

28
Q

Name 3 things that OAEs are vulnerable to:

A
  1. Acoustic trauma
  2. Hypoxia (lack of oxygen = cell death)
  3. Ototoxic medications
29
Q

Why does the middle ear have to be functioning properly to perform OAE?

A

Because without the middle ear (or if there is a middle ear pathology), the OAEs would be poor as the middle ear is the passageway to the OHCs

30
Q

Which 2 types of OAEs do we not use clinically and why?

A

We don’t use Spontaneous and stimulus frequency OAEs because they can only measure up to 30 dB HL of hearing loss therefore not useful in clinical applications

31
Q

When performing OAEs, what level is considered a pass in SNR?

A

Anything 6 dB and over

32
Q

Between TEOAE and DPOAE, which is better for clinical use and why?

A

TEOAE is best for clinical use because it receives better results from 500 to 1500 Hz (DPOAE is best at 4kHz +++) and is much quicker than DPOAE

33
Q

How does age affect OAE results?

A

Elderly tend to have lower OAE results due to presbyacusis

34
Q

Is there an effect of gender on OAE results?

A

Yes, women tend to have higher OAE results than men

CETP (7 decks)

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