Measurement Principles And Nature Of Hearing Flashcards
Name the four scales of measurement?
- Nominal scale
- Ordinal scale
- Interval scale
- Ratio scale
Describe the nominal scale
Categorized into groups
Ex. Female and male, age groups, etc
Describe the original scale
Used to describe with medians and percents, such as prices
Describe the interval scale
Spacing between categories and can be described with means and SD such as hours
Describe the ratio scale
All characteristics of interval, such as math calculations
Name 3 classical measurement methods
- Method of limits
- Method of adjustment
- Method of constant stimuli
What is the term that describes a science that deals with the perception of sound?
Psychoacoustics
dB SPL is a function of ______.
Frequency
Human hearing can range from 20 - 20 000 Hz, but is most sensible at which frequencies and why?
2000 - 5000 Hz, because of speech
What is the difference between Minimal audible pressure (MAP) and Minimal audible field (MAF)?
- MAP: based on one ear using earphones
- MAF: based on two ears using speakers
What is the Just noticeable difference (JND)?
Smallest perceptible difference between two sounds
What is Phon?
Unit of loudness
The Fletcher-Munson curve is also known as the?
Phon curve
Low frequencies provide the ____ and high frequency sounds provide ____.
Volume, clarity
At 1000 Hz, 40 dB SPL is how many phons?
40
What is the critical band?
The perceptual CHANGE of loudness
If we increase in 10 dB or 10 phons, this results in the doubling of loudness which is equivalent to how many sones?
1-2
When does the critical band become broader?
When the center frequency gets higher above 1kHz
What is pitch?
The highness or lowness of a tone.
What is the precedence effect?
Sounds reflected back are echos such as rooms (reverberation)
What does localization involve?
- Interaural intensity differences = high frequency sounds
- Interaural time differences = low frequency sounds
What is binaural fusion?
A cognitive process that involves the combination of different auditory information presented binaurally, or to each ear
How do we benefit from binaural hearing? List 3 things.
- Localizing sounds.
- Binaural integration/summation
- Better SNR
Name 3 components of sound.
- Force
- Médium
- Vibration