Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CETP > Auditory System And Disorders > Flashcards

Auditory System And Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What is an idiopathic disorder?

A

A disorder which we do not know the cause

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is a congenital disorder?

A

A disorder present from birth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is a retro cochlear disorder?

A

A disorder that is beyond the cochlea (nerve)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Explain the difference between SNHL, CHL, and MHL?

A

SNHL: usually worse in the HFs, permanent (inner ear and nerve are affected).
CHL: sometimes not permanent - the inner ear is not directly affected, it is middle ear pathology.
MHL: combination of SNHL and CHL, usually genetic or from head trauma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is tinnitus and the 3 types?

A

Tinnitus is a perception of sounds being heard within the head that could be ringing, buzzing, hissing, pulsing, etc.
1. Subjective tinnitus: only audible to the person (most frequent) - usually due to hearing loss
2. Objective tinnitus: more rare, can be heard by other people, usually associated with TMJ
3. Pulsative: has to do with the heart/cardiovascular.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is hyperacusis?

A

The intolerance or annoyance of sounds with increased loudness recruitment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the difference between misophonia and phonophobia?

A

Misophone is the dislike of sounds like chewing, slurping, etc…
Phonophobia is the fear of sounds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the difference between dysplasia and aplasia?

A
  1. Dysplasia : abnormal development
  2. Aplasia: complete lack of development
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is microtia and anotia?

A

Congenital disorders.
Microtia is the abnormal development of the external ear,
Anotia is the complete absence of the external ear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How many dB of hearing loss can an outer or middle ear abnormality cause?

A

60 dB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the four types of aplasia of the inner ear?

A
  1. Michel: total absence of cochlea
  2. Mondini: dysplasia of cochlea
  3. Scheibe: dysplasia of cochlea and saccule
  4. Alexander: cochlear duct (basal area) abnormality
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How does impacted cérumen affect audiological results?

A
  1. Tympanogram: Type B with ECV below 0.8.
  2. Can have CHL
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is exostosis and how does it affect audiological results?

A

Bony growth in the ear canal due to swimming in cold waters, normally does not affect results.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is Otitis externa? What are some symptoms? How is it treated?

A
  • Normally caused by bacteria
  • Can cause pain, swelling, discharge, itching
  • Treatments include antibiotics and hydrocortisone
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is tympanosclerosis?

A

White composites that are observed on the eardrum (scarring) that occur from chronic ear infections.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What result can we see with a TM perforation? What are the treatment options?

A

Type B tympanogram with large ECV over 2.2.
Can cause CHL
Treatment: usually heals on its own - sometimes needs a myringoplasty

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is Otitis Media? Which population gets it most and why?

A

The infection of the middle ear, usually associated with Type B tympanograms.
CHL is common
Children under 7 have it more frequently because their Eustachian tube is still horizontal.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is Eustachian tube dysfunction? Which population is most susceptible to it?

A

When the ET does not open properly or is blocked (Type C tympanogram).
People who have it most are those with cleft palates, have inflamed tonsils/adenoids, sinus infections, or other respiratory conditions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is Otitis media with effusion?

A

The accumulation of fluid in the middle ear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Name 5 complications of otitis media

A
  1. Facial paralysis
  2. Labyrinthitis
  3. Mastoiditis
  4. Cholesteatoma
  5. Break in the ossicular chain
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is a treatment option for otitis media with effusion if it does not resolve?

A

Pressure equalizing tubes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is otosclerosis? What are some audiological findings?

A

Disease that causes stiffening in the middle ear, usually at the stapes
Type As tympanograms are observed, with Carharts notch observed at 2kHz and conductive hearing loss.
Can sometimes see a pinkish glow on TM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What surgery can be done for otosclerosis?

A

Stapedectomy

24
Q

What is manières disease? What are the audiological findings?Name some symptoms.

A

Also known an endolypmhatic hydrops, is the excessive amounts of endolymph in the inner ear causing inflammation.
Normal tympanograms.
Fluctuating hearing loss especially in LF.
Symptoms: vertigo, tinnitus (low freq), aural pressure.

25
Q

Name 3 causes of manières disease

A

Thyroid disorders
Food allergies
Autoimmune disorders
Vascular diseases
Viral infections
Genetics
Idiopathic

26
Q

Name 3 treatments for manières disease

A
  1. Low salt diet
  2. Diuretics
  3. Vestibular suppressant
27
Q

What is ototoxicity? What are the 5 types of ototoxic drugs?

A

Ototoxicity is that certain medications/treatments are toxic to the auditory system and can cause temporary or permanent hearing loss.
1. Aminoglycosides
2. Chemo
3. Salicylates
4. Diuretics
5. Anti malarial

28
Q

Which ototoxic drug category is the most ototoxic?

A

Aminoglycosides

29
Q

Which frequencies are most affected by ototoxicity?

A

High frequencies

30
Q

What is a perilymph fistula?

A

When perilymph leaks from a hole in the oval or round windows causing sudden hearing loss.
Can be caused by explosions, pressure changes, physical injury, etc.

31
Q

What is superior canal dehiscence?

A

When the super SCC is very thin and there can be a “third” window.
Can cause vertigo, nystagmus, oscillopsia, CHL, pulsative tinnitus, autophony.

32
Q

What is a retro cochlear disorder?

A

A disorder that goes beyond the cochlea, to the 8th cranial nerve

33
Q

What is a vestibular Schwannoma?

A

A retro cochlear disorder where a tumour is on the 8th cranial nerve that can cause hearing loss and vestibular dysfunction.
Commonly seen in patients with NF2.
Normal tympanogram
SNHL on side affected usually with unilateral tinnitus, facial numbness, dizziness.

34
Q

What is ANSD?

A

Auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder.
Known as auditory dyssynchrony where the person has normal cochlear function (OHCs) but dysfunction of the nerve, IHCs.
WRS are poor compared to audiométrie results.

35
Q

What is CAPD?

A

Central auditory processing disorders.
Auditory processing difficulties, not usually hearing loss but difficulties with speech perception especially in noise.
Impaired auditory discrimination, binaural processing (localisation, latéralisation, dichotic listening, spatial orientation, MLD, etc).

36
Q

What are some causes of sudden hearing loss?

A

Viral infections, autoimmune disorders, perilymphatic fistula, manières disease, multiple sclerosis, tumours, etc.

37
Q

What is presbyacusis and what are some common complaints?

A

Hearing loss from aging, usually SNHL and they have difficulty hearing in noisier environments

38
Q

Name 3 infections that can cause hearing loss

A
  1. Meningitis
  2. Mumps measles
  3. Scarlet fever
39
Q

What is the difference between syndromic and nonsyndromic hearing loss?

A

Syndromic is hearing loss associated with another syndrome (30%) and nonsyndromic is hearing loss with no associating syndrome (70%).

40
Q

What is the difference between autosomal dominant and autosomal recessive?

A

Autosomal dominant is one abnormal gene needed to pass it on, and autosomal recessive is both genes need to be present to manifest

41
Q

How many genes are linked to dominant, recessive, x linked, and mitochondrial?

A
  1. Dominant = 26
  2. Recessive = 36
  3. Xlinked = 4
  4. Mitochondrial = 7
42
Q

What is the most common genetic nonsyndromic hearing loss?

A

GJB2 (gap junction).

43
Q

What is Alpert syndrome? What type of inheritance? Hearing loss?

A

Abnormalities of the ears and face
Autosomal dominant
Conductive hearing loss

44
Q

What is Branchio-oto-renal syndrome? Inheritance? Hearing loss?

A

Ear deformities including kidney and respiratory issues.
Autosomal dominant
Any type of hearing loss

45
Q

What is CHARGE?

A

Colomboma, heart defects, atresia, “retarded” development, genital, and ear abnormalities.

46
Q

What type of hearing loss can Down syndrome cause?

A

Conductive or mixed

47
Q

What is Friedreichs ataxia? Inheritance? Hearing loss?

A

A disorder that causes ataxia, nystagmus, and hearing loss (SNHL)
Autosomal recessive

48
Q

What is Goldenhar syndrome?

A

Associated with microtia, atresia, eye abnormalities, heart disease, and hearing loss (CHL)

49
Q

What is Hunter syndrome? Inheritance? Hearing loss?

A

Skeletal deformities, cardio disorders, only affects males
X-linked
Any type of hearing loss

50
Q

What is Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome? Inheritance? Hearing loss?

A

Cardiac issues and hearing loss (SNHL)
Autosomal recessive

51
Q

What is Pendred syndrome? Inheritance? Hearing loss?

A

Thyroid disorder with hearing loss syndrome (SNHL)
Autosomal dominant

52
Q

What is treacher-collins syndrome? Inheritance? Hearing loss?

A

Facial abnormalities, ear deformities
Autosomal dominant
Conductive or mixed hearing loss

53
Q

What is usher syndrome? Inheritance? Hearing loss?

A

Retinal issues, vestibular dysfunctions, hearing loss (SNHL)
Autosomal recessive

54
Q

What is wardenburg syndrome? Inheritance? Hearing loss?

A

Hearing loss and facial deformities (SNHL)
Autosomal dominant

55
Q

What is TORCH?

A

Toxoplasmosis, other, rubella, CMV, herpes

56
Q

What can cause toxoplasmosis?

A

Parasites usually from eating raw meats and eggs, contact with feces

57
Q

What is CMV?

A

Cytomegalovirus
The most common viral cause of hearing loss, a type of herpes contracted sexually

CETP (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions