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CPR Exam 1 > Physiological Basis of EEG and Sleep > Flashcards

Physiological Basis of EEG and Sleep Flashcards

1
Q

Most time asleep is spent in _____ sleep.

A

NREM (N1, N2 and N3 (deep sleep))

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2
Q

How is the EEG different in Non-REM vs REM sleep?

A
  • NREM: Gradually slowing and increasing in amplitude
  • REM: Low amplitude, high frequency
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3
Q

When do we dream?

A

NREM and REM

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4
Q

How are dreams different in REM vs NREM sleep?

A
  • NREM: Mundane, rehashing of day events and and initial phase of memory consolidation
  • REM: Vivid dreams; continued consolidation and linking knowlesge to previous experience
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5
Q

The __________ controls both the circadium rhythm and sleep induction/arousals SEPARATELY.

A

hypothalamus

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6
Q

How does our circadium rhythm control both our REM and NREM sleep?

A
  • REM sleep is initiated INDEPENDTLY of sleep
    • CR directly controls REM sleep
    • It does not directly cause NREM sleep, it only indicates our NEED/time for sleep
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7
Q

How do we fall asleep?

A
    1. PGD2 accumulates in the periphery and binds to DP receptors on capillaries of the leptominiges
    1. Binding releases adenosine => accumulates CSF
    1. Adenosine binds to adenosine 2a receptors on the ventrolateral pre-optic area (VPO)
    1. VPO neurons inhibit ARAS input to the sleep CTX => sleep,
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8
Q

How does our circadium rhythm intiate REM sleep?

A

1. Lateral pontine tegmentum releases ACh in the geniculate body

  1. Sends input to the occipital CTX
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9
Q

During REM sleep, the pontine tegmentum and CTX are doing what?

A

CREATING A LOOP INDEPENDENTLY OF SENSORY INFO.

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10
Q

What causes muscle paralysis during REM sleep?

Why is this important

what muscles are affected?

A
  1. Locus ceruleus will send inhibitory information to alpha motor neurons in spinal cord, BUT NOT the DIAPHRAGM and SMALL MUSCLES

-important to prevent muscles from activating during dreams

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11
Q

Ppl who walk in their sleep have what problem?

A

Locus ceruleus is not inhibiting alpha motor neurons of large muscles

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12
Q

What is one of the ONLY sources of orexin A and B (& hypocretin 1 and 2) in the body?

A

Lateral hypothalamus

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13
Q

You almost always wake up from _____ sleep.

A

REM

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14
Q

LArge muscle paralysis requires ______

A

Locus ceruleus

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15
Q

First cycle of the night:

________ minutes in duration

Transitions to _____

A
  • 70-100 minutes (most variable)
  • short REM epoch
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16
Q

Late sleep cycles show:

  • _____ minute cycles
  • ____ time in deep sleep, ____ in REM
A
  • 90 minute
  • Less, more
17
Q

Slow wave sleep (N1-3) is characterized by ______ of EEG

18
Q

Describe N1 (what stage)

Eyes:

EMG:

EEG:

A
  • Drowsiness and earliest stage of sleep.
  • Eyes: slow and rolling
  • EMG: muscle activity
  • EEG: low voltage, slowing of frequency
19
Q

Describe N1 (what stage)

Eyes:

EMG:

EEG:

A
  • True sleep
  • EMG: QUIET muscle activity
  • EEG: increasing voltage, decrease frequency and sleep spindles
20
Q

Sleep spindles are most prominent in ____ and have bursts of ___ like activity

21
Q

Describe N3 (what stage)

Eyes:

EMG:

EEG:

A
  • True sleep
  • EMG: Muscles are QUIET
  • EEG: increasing voltage, slowing frequency (theta and delta waves are present)
  • Only auditory info is getting to brain
22
Q
  • Describe REM (what stage)
  • Eyes:
  • EMG:
  • EEG:
A
  • Eye: Rapid side to side
  • EMG: No muscle activity bc locus ceruleus supresses
  • EEG: rapid and low voltage, similar to B waves
23
Q

Period genes (______)

Cryptochrome gene (_______)

A

Period genes (Per 1, 2 and 3)

Cryptochrome gene (Cry1 and Cry2)

24
Q

Both Period and Cry are genes in the nucleus of the _________

  • ______ genes will go back and decrease CLK and BMAL genes during the day, allowing them to only be active at night.
25
Q

The SCN creates a day that is 25 hours long (not 24), but in reality we have behave as if the day were 24 hours long. We match out active/inactive periods to the day/night cycle of the external ENV. How?

A
  • Retino-hypothalamic tract
26
Q

Our circadian clock is synchronized to physical day/night by action of the retinohypothalamic pathway (glutamate) for day; melatonin for night.

27
Q
  • Most of the time, there is/is not distinct pattern
    • Clear “patterns in the EGG” represent something ______
A
  • is not
  • pathological
28
Q

which waves are high ferquency, low amplitude

A

alpha and beta

29
Q
  • frequency and voltage for alpha, beta, gamma, theta and delta waves
A

A waves

  • 8-13 Hz (cycles/second)
  • 50 uVolts

Beta waves

  • 14-80 Hz
  • < 50uVolts

Gamma waves

  • 30-80 Hz

Theta wave (bigger and slower)

  • 4-7 Hz
  • 100 uVolts

Delta waves (biggest and slowest of them all)

  • <3.5 Hz
  • 100-200 uvolts
30
Q

gamma and theya waves rely on what part of the brain

A

hippocampus

31
Q

In infancy, decreased frequency in _____ CTX increases with age

CPR Exam 1 (19 decks)

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