Bacteria Information Flashcards
In hot tubs, what bacteria should you be cautious of?
MAC and Legionella
MAC is a ______ disease that causes a _____ and has a ________ pattern
granulomatous disease
cough
restrictive
Aspergillosis stains with what stain?
silver stain
What type of bacteria is strep pneumo?
Gram POS diplocci (lancet shaped) in pairs and chains
What type of bacteria is S. aurues?
Gram + cocci “cluster of grapes”
What type of bacteria is Cornyebacterium diptheriae
Gram + bacilli/ROD, club-shaped
What type of bacteria is Listeria
Gram + bacilli/ROD
What is a gram + rod that causes disease of the URT?
Cornyebacterium Diptheriae
Name gram NEG rods
1. Klebsiella
2. Pseudonomas
3. H. Influenza
4. Legionella
5. Bartonella
Gram Indeterminate
- Chlamydia
- Indeterminate
What is the gram stain and shape of Bordatella pertussis?
Gram negative bacillus/rod
Who gets lung abcesses?
- Complication of pneumonia d/t S. aureus and K. pneumoniae (both cause lobar pneumo)
- Ppl who aspirate: Chronic alcoholics, elderly ppl who have had stroke, d/t anaerobic bacteria
what anaerobic bacteria cause aspiration
- - Bacteroides fragilis
- - Prevotella
- - Fusobacterium
- - Peptostreptococcus
What funguses cause Chronic pneumonia (immunocompete, may/may LN, granulomatous inflamm)?
1. Histoplasma
2. Blastomycosis
3. Coccidiomycosis
Thin-walled yeast w/ “pumpkin seed” morphology
Histoplasma
- Round w/ BROAD-BASED BUDDING
- THICK, double-contoured cell-wall
Blastomyces dermatitidis
Opportunistic infections rarely cause infections in NL hosts, but can cause lifethreatening pneo im immunocompromised.
List 3 diffuse pulmonary infiltrates that can cause pneumonia in an immunocompromised person?
- - CMV
- - Pneumocystis jiroveci
- - Drug rxn
Opportunistic infections rarely cause infections in NL hosts, but can cause lifethreatening pneumo im immunocompromised.
List 5 common focal pulmonary infiltrates that can cause pneumonia in an immunocompromised person?
- - Gram-negative bacterial infections
- - S. aureus
- - Aspergillus
- - Candida
- - Malignancy
What is the most common opportunistic infection of AIDS patients, which causes pulmonary problems?
Pneumocystis jiroveci
What is most likely seen on CXR of pt with HIV infected with Pneumocystis jiroveci?
Diffuse BILATERAL interstitial infiltrates
- Can also be focal or show nothing!
Cup-shaped yeast forms
Pneumocystis jiroveci
What is the hallmark finding of MAC infections in patients with immunosuppressed (i.e., HIV, elderly, transplant); morphology of the organism?
- shit ton of ACID-FAST bacilli/rods INSIDE macrophages
- Thin mycobacteria seen as slender red forms
Which type of organism is the most common cause of pulmonary infection in the early post-transplant period (first few weeks)?
bacteria
On XR, what do you see in pts with
CMV
Pneumoncystis jvirocci
Drugs
Diffuse bilateral interstitial infiltrates (can be focal or nothin)
On XR, what do you see in pts with
- Gram - rods
- S. aeurus
- Aspergillus
- Malignancy
- Candida
Focal bilateral infiltrates
What type of bacteria
Klebsiella
gram - rod
What type of bacteria
Legionella
Gram neg rod
What type of bacteria
Pseudomas
Gram - rod
What type of bacteria
H. influenza
Gram - rod
What is the most common cause of gram-negative bacterial pneumonia and who does it most commonly affect?
Klebsiella pneumoniae
- Debilitated and malnourished people, particularly chronic alcoholics
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a common cause of pneumonia in whom and in what setting?
- -CF and immunocompromised
- - Hospital-acquired
What are the most common cause of PNEUMONIA in NEONATES?
Bacterial pneumonias from mom
- Group B strep
- Gram (-) bacilli/rod
- Listerialis
how can you differentitate between bacterial and viral pneumonia?
- Look at the type of inflammtion: bacterial will have intralveolar neutrophillic inflammation; viral will have interstitial lymphocytic inflammation
2. High CRP and procalcitonin => bacterial
3. Onset: bacterial is abrupt; viral is gradual
4. Fever: bacteria has high fever; viral has no
5. Bacteria: lobar infiltrates; viral; diffuse infiltrates
- Sounds: bacteria will have crackles d/t parenchyma and viral awill have wheezing bc respiratory involvement
What are 4 major bacterial causes of pneumonia in children >1 month?
- 1. Strep pneumonia
- 2. Staph aeures
- 3. H influenza
- 4. M. catarrhalis
