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CPR Exam 1 > Bacteria Information > Flashcards

Bacteria Information Flashcards

1
Q

In hot tubs, what bacteria should you be cautious of?

A

MAC and Legionella

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2
Q

MAC is a ______ disease that causes a _____ and has a ________ pattern

A

granulomatous disease

cough

restrictive

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3
Q

Aspergillosis stains with what stain?

A

silver stain

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4
Q

What type of bacteria is strep pneumo?

A

Gram POS diplocci (lancet shaped) in pairs and chains

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5
Q

What type of bacteria is S. aurues?

A

Gram + cocci “cluster of grapes”

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6
Q

What type of bacteria is Cornyebacterium diptheriae

A

Gram + bacilli/ROD, club-shaped

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7
Q

What type of bacteria is Listeria

A

Gram + bacilli/ROD

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8
Q

What is a gram + rod that causes disease of the URT?

A

Cornyebacterium Diptheriae

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9
Q

Name gram NEG rods

A

1. Klebsiella

2. Pseudonomas

3. H. Influenza

4. Legionella

5. Bartonella

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10
Q

Gram Indeterminate

A
  1. Chlamydia
  2. Indeterminate
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11
Q

What is the gram stain and shape of Bordatella pertussis?

A

Gram negative bacillus/rod

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12
Q

Who gets lung abcesses?

A
  • Complication of pneumonia d/t S. aureus and K. pneumoniae (both cause lobar pneumo)
  • Ppl who aspirate: Chronic alcoholics, elderly ppl who have had stroke, d/t anaerobic bacteria
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13
Q

what anaerobic bacteria cause aspiration

A
  1. - Bacteroides fragilis
  2. - Prevotella
  3. - Fusobacterium
  4. - Peptostreptococcus
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14
Q

What funguses cause Chronic pneumonia (immunocompete, may/may LN, granulomatous inflamm)?

A

1. Histoplasma

2. Blastomycosis

3. Coccidiomycosis

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15
Q

Thin-walled yeast w/ “pumpkin seed” morphology

A

Histoplasma

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16
Q

- Round w/ BROAD-BASED BUDDING

- THICK, double-contoured cell-wall

A

Blastomyces dermatitidis

17
Q

Opportunistic infections rarely cause infections in NL hosts, but can cause lifethreatening pneo im immunocompromised.

List 3 diffuse pulmonary infiltrates that can cause pneumonia in an immunocompromised person?

A
  1. - CMV
  2. - Pneumocystis jiroveci
  3. - Drug rxn
18
Q

Opportunistic infections rarely cause infections in NL hosts, but can cause lifethreatening pneumo im immunocompromised.

List 5 common focal pulmonary infiltrates that can cause pneumonia in an immunocompromised person?

A
  1. - Gram-negative bacterial infections
  2. - S. aureus
  3. - Aspergillus
  4. - Candida
  5. - Malignancy
19
Q

What is the most common opportunistic infection of AIDS patients, which causes pulmonary problems?

A

Pneumocystis jiroveci

20
Q

What is most likely seen on CXR of pt with HIV infected with Pneumocystis jiroveci?

A

Diffuse BILATERAL interstitial infiltrates

  • Can also be focal or show nothing!
21
Q

Cup-shaped yeast forms

A

Pneumocystis jiroveci

22
Q

What is the hallmark finding of MAC infections in patients with immunosuppressed (i.e., HIV, elderly, transplant); morphology of the organism?

A
  • shit ton of ACID-FAST bacilli/rods INSIDE macrophages
  • Thin mycobacteria seen as slender red forms
23
Q

Which type of organism is the most common cause of pulmonary infection in the early post-transplant period (first few weeks)?

A

bacteria

24
Q

On XR, what do you see in pts with

CMV

Pneumoncystis jvirocci

Drugs

A

Diffuse bilateral interstitial infiltrates (can be focal or nothin)

25
Q

On XR, what do you see in pts with

  1. Gram - rods
  2. S. aeurus
  3. Aspergillus
  4. Malignancy
  5. Candida
A

Focal bilateral infiltrates

26
Q

What type of bacteria

Klebsiella

A

gram - rod

27
Q

What type of bacteria

Legionella

A

Gram neg rod

28
Q

What type of bacteria

Pseudomas

A

Gram - rod

29
Q

What type of bacteria

H. influenza

A

Gram - rod

30
Q

What is the most common cause of gram-negative bacterial pneumonia and who does it most commonly affect?

A

Klebsiella pneumoniae

  • Debilitated and malnourished people, particularly chronic alcoholics
31
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a common cause of pneumonia in whom and in what setting?

A
  • -CF and immunocompromised
  • - Hospital-acquired
32
Q

What are the most common cause of PNEUMONIA in NEONATES?

A

Bacterial pneumonias from mom

    1. Group B strep
    1. Gram (-) bacilli/rod
    1. Listerialis
33
Q

how can you differentitate between bacterial and viral pneumonia?

A
  1. Look at the type of inflammtion: bacterial will have intralveolar neutrophillic inflammation; viral will have interstitial lymphocytic inflammation

2. High CRP and procalcitonin => bacterial

3. Onset: bacterial is abrupt; viral is gradual

4. Fever: bacteria has high fever; viral has no

5. Bacteria: lobar infiltrates; viral; diffuse infiltrates

  1. Sounds: bacteria will have crackles d/t parenchyma and viral awill have wheezing bc respiratory involvement
34
Q

What are 4 major bacterial causes of pneumonia in children >1 month?

A
  • 1. Strep pneumonia
  • 2. Staph aeures
  • 3. H influenza
  • 4. M. catarrhalis

CPR Exam 1 (19 decks)

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