PhysioLec: Pulmonary Functional Anatomy

Question 1

TRUE OR FALSE: Expiration of the lungs is a passive process in which the diaphragm moves superiorly and the external intercostal muscles relax and the elastic lungs and thoracic wall recoil inward.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

TRUE OR FALSE: The normal pleural pressure at the beginning of inspiration is –5 cm H2O

Answer 2

True

Question 3

TRUE OR FALSE: Type II cells are the primary respiratory cells

Answer 3

False

Question 4

TRUE OR FALSE: There are 24 generations of airway branching of the respiratory tree

Answer 4

False

Question 5

TRUE OR FALSE: The cilia in the nasopharynx beat downwards toward the oropharynx.

Answer 5

True

Question 6

TRUE OR FALSE: Alveolar macrophages are the only defense mechanism of the alveoli from debris.

Answer 6

True

Question 7

TRUE OR FALSE: One of the functions of the upper respiratory tract is for air humidification

Answer 7

True

Question 8

TRUE OR FALSE: The gel layer is the thick mucous part in the upper respiratory tract

Answer 8

True

Question 9

TRUE OR FALSE: Surfactant is a mixture of phospholipids and lipoproteins which increases surface tension of the alveolar fluid.

Answer 9

False

Surfactants decrease surface tension

Question 10

TRUE OR FALSE: The c-shaped / horseshoe-shaped cartilages in the trachea permit patency of the airways

Answer 10

True

Question 11

TRUE OR FALSE: The cartilages of the trachea are not a full ring in order to accommodate the esophagus posteriorly and to prevent collapse of the airway.

Answer 11

True

Question 12

TRUE OR FALSE: The cricoid cartilage is the only full ring cartilage in the trachea.

Answer 12

True

Question 13

TRUE OR FALSE: The nose has cilia that functions as a filtration mechanism.

Answer 13

False

Question 14

TRUE OR FALSE: Conducting zones allow gas exchanges to occur.

Answer 14

False

Question 15

TRUE OR FALSE: Surface tension tends to collapse the alveolus.

Answer 15

True

Additional: If an alveolus was lined with pure water, it would collapse

Question 16

TRUE OR FALSE: Secondary Bronchioles are part of the respiratory zones.

Answer 16

False

Question 17

TRUE OR FALSE: The lungs are a highly vascularized organ.

Answer 17

True

Question 18

TRUE OR FALSE: In chronic smokers, the columnar cells in the upper respiratory tract become cuboidal cells

Answer 18

True

Question 19

TRUE OR FALSE: The alveolocapillary membrane is made up of 6 layers.

Answer 19

True

Source: Guyton

Question 20

TRUE OR FALSE: The pressure gradients between the alveoli and capillary drives gas exchange

Answer 20

True

Question 21

TRUE OR FALSE: Alveolar pressure is also called the recoil pressure.

Answer 21

False

Transpulmonary pressure - recoil pressure of the lungs; the pressure difference between the intrapulmonary and intrapleural pressures that creates the suction to keep the lungs inflated.

Question 22

TRUE OR FALSE: Boyle’s Law states that as the volume increases, pressure increases.

Answer 22

False

With a larger volume, the gas molecules strike the wall less frequently, thus exerting less pressure.
The pressure of a gas is inversely proportional to the volume of its container.

Question 23

TRUE OR FALSE: When there is wasted ventilation in the alveolus, physiologic dead space increases

Answer 23

True

Question 24

TRUE OR FALSE: The approximation of the ribs during respiration is the bucket-handle effect

Answer 24

False

Bucket-handle effect: increase lateral diameter of chest cavity, exerted by external intercostals

Caliper effect - Ribs almost approximate each other. As the ribs flare out, the space in between the ribs narrow down.

Question 25

TRUE OR FALSE: External respiration involves gas exchange at the blood-tissue level

Answer 25

True

Question 26

TRUE OR FALSE: Minute respiratory volume = 6L/min

Answer 26

True

Question 27

TRUE OR FALSE: If a stab wound of a patient to the chest that punctured the (L) lung, it will hyperinflate

Answer 27

False

Question 28

TRUE OR FALSE: In between breaths (mid-inspiration), the intra-alveolar pressure is 0mmHg and the atmospheric pressure is equal to the intrapulmonary pressure

Answer 28

True

Question 29

Internal intercostals
A. ACCESSORY MUSCLE FOR EXPIRATION
B. ACCESSORY MUSCLE FOR INSPIRATION
C. QUIET INSPIRATION
D. QUIET EXPIRATION

Answer 29

A. ACCESSORY MUSCLE FOR EXPIRATION

Question 30

Scalenes
A. ACCESSORY MUSCLE FOR EXPIRATION
B. ACCESSORY MUSCLE FOR INSPIRATION
C. QUIET INSPIRATION
D. QUIET EXPIRATION

Answer 30

B. ACCESSORY MUSCLE FOR INSPIRATION

Question 31

Sternocleidomastoid
A. ACCESSORY MUSCLE FOR EXPIRATION
B. ACCESSORY MUSCLE FOR INSPIRATION
C. QUIET INSPIRATION
D. QUIET EXPIRATION

Answer 31

B. ACCESSORY MUSCLE FOR INSPIRATION

Question 32

External intercostal muscles
A. ACCESSORY MUSCLE FOR EXPIRATION
B. ACCESSORY MUSCLE FOR INSPIRATION
C. QUIET INSPIRATION
D. QUIET EXPIRATION

Answer 32

C. QUIET INSPIRATION

Question 33

Diaphragm
A. ACCESSORY MUSCLE FOR EXPIRATION
B. ACCESSORY MUSCLE FOR INSPIRATION
C. QUIET INSPIRATION
D. QUIET EXPIRATION

Answer 33

C. QUIET INSPIRATION

Question 34

Rectus abdominis
A. ACCESSORY MUSCLE FOR EXPIRATION
B. ACCESSORY MUSCLE FOR INSPIRATION
C. QUIET INSPIRATION
D. QUIET EXPIRATION

Answer 34

A. ACCESSORY MUSCLE FOR EXPIRATION

Question 35

Rectus femoris
A. ACCESSORY MUSCLE FOR EXPIRATION
B. ACCESSORY MUSCLE FOR INSPIRATION
C. QUIET INSPIRATION
D. QUIET EXPIRATION
E. None

Answer 35

E. None

Question 36

External oblique
A. ACCESSORY MUSCLE FOR EXPIRATION
B. ACCESSORY MUSCLE FOR INSPIRATION
C. QUIET INSPIRATION
D. QUIET EXPIRATION

Answer 36

A. ACCESSORY MUSCLE FOR EXPIRATION

Question 37

Transversus abdominis
A. ACCESSORY MUSCLE FOR EXPIRATION
B. ACCESSORY MUSCLE FOR INSPIRATION
C. QUIET INSPIRATION
D. QUIET EXPIRATION

Answer 37

A. ACCESSORY MUSCLE FOR EXPIRATION