AnaLab PQ: 2nd Shift Flashcards by Mind Med

TRUE OR FALSE: The celiac artery is the largest anterior visceral branch of the abdominal aorta. It comes out of the aorta at the level of T12.

True

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TRUE OR FALSE: The pancreas is an endocrine gland. It produces hormones such as glucocorticoids.

False

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TRUE OR FALSE: The appendix is found at the right lumbar region.

False

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TRUE OR FALSE: Main pancreatic duct begins from tail to entire of gland to enter the second part of the duodenum.

True

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TRUE OR FALSE: The esophagus is a long muscular tube that starts from the pharynx and pierces the diaphragm at the level of T12 to become the stomach.

True

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TRUE OR FALSE: The third part of the duodenum runs horizontally to the left of the subcostal in front of lumbar vertebra 3 (L3)

True

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TRUE OR FALSE: The spiral valve is a fold at the neck of the gallbladder between the gallbladder and cystic duct.

True

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TRUE OR FALSE: The abdominal aorta gives off several lateral visceral branches. This includes the suprarenal, renal and median sacral artery.

False

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TRUE OR FALSE: The appendix is found at the right lumbar region

False

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TRUE OR FALSE: Uncinate process is an extension of the neck of the pancreas

False

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TRUE OR FALSE: When blood flows through your spleen, red blood cells attack and remove foreign invaders

False

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TRUE OR FALSE: The spleen is located on the right side of the body.

False

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TRUE OR FALSE: The ligament of Treitz is the free margin of the falciform ligament that used to be the umbilical vein in the fecal circulation.

False

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The parietal peritoneum of the anterior abdominal wall is supplied by the?

Lower six thoracic and 1st lumbar nerves

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The sigmoid colon ends at what vertebral level which also corresponds to the beginning of the rectum?

3rd Sacral vertebra

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The iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerves correspond to which nerve?

1st Lumbar nerve

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An indirect inguinal hernia can result from the failure of the ____ to regress.

Processus vaginalis

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Which level does the fascia transversalis lie directly posterior to abdominal wall muscles?

Below level of ASIS and above pubis

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This structure demarcates the body of the stomach from the antrum of the stomach.

Incisura angularis

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This part of the stomach is dome-shaped and projects above and to the left of the esophageal opening to lie in contact with the left dome of the diaphragm.

Fundus

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It is the insertion of the rectus abdominis muscle.

5th, 6th, 7th costal cartilages and xiphoid process

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TRUE OR FALSE: The jejunum has a greater number of more prominent plicae circulares than the ileum.

True

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What do you call the lymphoid aggregates present at the ileum?

Peyer’s patches

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Which parts of the colon are considered retroperitoneal organs?

A. Ascending colon
B. Descending colon
C. Both
D. Neither

C. Both

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Vertical lateral border of the rectus abdominis muscle

Linea semilunaris

The blood supply to the renal pyramids is the?

Lobar artery

All of the following muscles are found in the posterior abdominal wall, EXCEPT: A. psoas muscles B. quadratus lumborum C. serratus anterior D. transversus abdominis

C. serratus anterior

TRUE OR FALSE: The vena cava is formed by the union of the common iliac at the level of the 5th lumbar

True

Which structure attaches to the margins of the deep inguinal ring?

Internal spermatic fascia

Which surface landmark is noted at T10 dermatome level?

Umbilicus

What is the name of the line below which the rectus abdominis comes in direct contact with the transversalis fascia

Arcuate line

What part of the duodenum does the combined common bile duct and pancreatic duct pierce to drain their contents in the small intestine?

Descending

What is the location of superficial inguinal ring to pubic tubercle?

Above and medial

Innervation of pyramidalis muscle

12th thoracic nerve

The abdominal esophagus enters the abdominal cavity through the esophageal opening of the diaphragm at the level of?

10th thoracic vertebra

Cremasteric fascia is derived from this structure.

Internal oblique

The fundus of the gallbladder lies opposite the tip of this structure

Right ninth costal cartilage

This structure demarcates the division between the rectum and anal canal.

Pelvic floor muscles

This muscle inserts onto the lower 3 ribs, xiphoid process, linea alba & symphysis pubis

Internal Oblique

What is the extension of the linea semilunaris?

tip of ninth costal cartilage to pubic

The hepatic portal vein is formed behind the pancreatic neck, by the union of the?

Splenic vein and superior mesenteric vein

Which hormone is released during fatty food intake which stimulates the gallbladder to contract and ampulla to relax in order to release bile?

Cholecystokinin

Pain at McBurney’s point may mean inflammation of this organ

Appendix

Which artery is a lateral visceral branch of the abdominal aorta?

Testicular/ovarian artery

What visceral organs/structures are found in the transpyloric plane?

Duodenojejunal flexure

This organ lies in the hypogastric region

Bladder

The part of the kidney covering that is considered a continuation of the fascia transversalis is the?

Renal fascia

What is the structure which is found at T9 vertebral level?

Xiphoid process

It has the inherent ability to localize and surround an infection in the GIT, hence named “abdominal policeman.”

Greater omentum

A 30 year old male came for consult because of pain over the lumbar area radiating to the right inguinal and thigh region. Aside from a nerve impingement, what visceral organ, if inflamed, would likely cause pain refer to this area?

Ureter

The mesentery of the small intestine’s short root extends to the posterior abdominal wall at the level of __.

What forms the hepatic vein?

Central vein

The common bile duct drains into which part of the duodenum?

2nd part

The difference between the right and left suprarenal (adrenal) gland is that the right gland is found behind the?

right lobe of the liver

Which hormone is responsible in controlling gastroesophageal sphincter closure?

Gastrin

TRUE OR FALSE: The fibers of the transversus muscle run horizontally forward. It arises from the lower six costal cartilages, the lumbar fascia, the anterior two thirds of the iliac crest, and the lateral third of the inguinal ligament. A. Both statements are correct. B. Both statements are incorrect. C. Only the 1st statement is correct D. Only the 2nd statement is correct

A. Both statements are correct

The following are true about the peritoneal cavity, EXCEPT: A. The peritoneal cavity is divided into two parts; the greater sac and lesser sac. B. The peritoneal cavity is the largest cavity in the body. C. In males, the peritoneal cavity is a closed cavity but in females there is communication with the exterior. D. All of the above E. None of the above

E. None of the above

TRUE OR FALSE: The venous drainage passes above into the axillary vein via the medial thoracic vein. It passes below into the obturator vein. A. Both statements are correct. B. Both statements are incorrect. C. Only the 1st statement is correct D. Only the 2nd statement is correct

B. Both statements are incorrect.

The subcostal plane corresponds to this vertebra

Third lumbar vertebra

What structure forms the inguinal ligament?

External oblique aponeurosis

The superior mesenteric artery supplies the distal end of the duodenum up to the?

Part of transverse colon

The ureter has 3 constrictions. The following are considered the areas of possible constriction, EXCEPT: A. as it pierces the urinary bladder B. at the pelvic brim C. where the renal pelvis joins the ureter D. between the psoas and transverse process of lumbar

D. Between the psoas and transverse process of lumbar

The gastroepiploic foramen found between the lesser and greater sac of the peritoneal cavity can be located in the following, EXCEPT: A. Inferior to it is the 2nd part of duodenum B. Below the caudate lobe of liver C. In front is the bile duct and hepatic artery D. None

A. Inferior to it is the 2nd part of duodenum

The following are retroperitoneal structures, EXCEPT:

A. Descending colon B. Suprarenal gland C. Duodenum second part D. Right Lobe, Liver

What organs are being supplied by the branches from the inferior mesenteric artery?

Transverse colon and Descending colon

he cystic duct of the gallbladder empties into?

Common bile duct

The venous drainage of the caudate lobe is into which structure?

Inferior vena cava

The following statements concerning the liver are true, EXCEPT: A. the left triangular ligament of the liver lies anterior to the abdominal part of the esophagus B. the quadrate lobe drains into the right hepatic duct C. the lesser omentum suspends the stomach from the visceral surface of the liver D. the attachment of the hepatic veins to the inferior vena cava is one of the most important supports of the liver

B. the quadrate lobe drains into the right hepatic duct

A gallstone is medically termed as?

Cholelithiasis

What condition is the most common cause for a non-functioning gallbladder?

Chronic cholecystitis with stone

The round ligament is also known as?

Ligamentum teres

The liver has how many segments?

8 (eight)

Venous drainage of the hepatic segments are through which hepatic veins?

Right, middle, left, and short hepatic veins

The endocrine function of the pancreas is the production of?

insulin

The superior mesenteric vein and superior mesenteric artery are (1)_____ to the neck of the pancreas and (2)______ to the uncinate.

1. posterior 2. anterior

Pancreas lies between?

Duodenal loop and splenic hilum

This lies near the hilum of the spleen and upper pole of the left kidney.

Tail of the pancreas

This is the smaller pancreatic duct that drains the pancreatic head.

Duct of Santorini

Describe the location of the common bile duct in relation to the pancreatic head.

Posterior and lateral

What structure is a reservoir for bile?

Gallbladder

The hepatoduodenal ligament contains which structures: A. portal vein B. common bile duct C. hepatic artery D. none E. all

E. all

Suspensory ligament of the liver include: A. Falciform ligament B. Left triangular ligament C. Right triangular ligament D. None E. All

E. All

A 58-year-old man was in a restaurant when he suddenly started to vomit blood. He was taken unconscious to the emergency department with local signs of severe hypovolemic shock. On palpation of the anterior abdominal wall the right lobe of the liver was felt three fingerbreadths below the costa could be seen around the umbilicus. His wife said that he had vomited blood 3 months previously and had nearly died. She admitted that he was a chronic alcoholic. The diagnosis was cirrhosis of the liver secondary to chronic alcoholism. The symptoms and signs displayed by this patient can be explained by the following facts, EXCEPT: A. the normal flow of portal blood through the liver is impaired by cirrhosis of the liver B. rupture of a varicosed esophageal vein could produce a severe hemorrhage so that the patient would vomit up blood C. the portal systemic anastomoses become enlarged in this condition D. at the lower end of the esophagus a branch from the right gastric vein anastomoses with an esophageal tributary of the azygos vein

D. at the lower end of the esophagus a branch from the right gastric vein anastomoses with an esophageal tributary of the azygos vein

The following is true of insulin: A. causes glycogen formation B. produced by the pancreas C. allows cells within insulin receptors to take up glucose to decrease blood sugar D. All E. None

D. All