Physio Review - Lopez-Hernandez

Question 1

Hormones released from hypothalamus

Answer 1

TRH, CRH, GnRH, Somatostatin, Dopamine

Question 2

Hormones released from anterior pituitary

Answer 2

TSH, FSH, LH, ACTH, MSH, GH, Prolactin

Question 3

Hormones released from posterior pituitary

Answer 3

ADH, Oxytocin, T3, T4, Calcitonin

Question 4

Hormone released from parathyroid gland

Answer 4

PTH

Question 5

Corpus luteum/Ovaries - hormones

Answer 5

Estradiol, Progesterone

Question 6

Placenta - hormones

Answer 6

HCG, Estriol, Progesterone, HPL

Question 7

Kidneys - hormones

Answer 7

Renin, 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol

Question 8

Adrenal cortex - hormones

Answer 8

Cortisol, aldosterone, adrenal androgens

Question 9

Amine hormones - derived from _____

Answer 9

Tyrosine

Question 10

Steroid hormones - derived from ______

Answer 10

Cholesterol

Question 11

Which has a longer half-life: T3 or T4?

Answer 11

T4

Question 12

Steroid hormones

Answer 12

Cortisol, Androgens, Aldosterone, Thyroid hormones

Question 13

Protein hormones

Answer 13

Thyrotropin, insulin, ADH

Question 14

2 ways to alter response to a hormone

Answer 14

• Change # of receptor

- Change affinity of receptor

Question 15

Which hormones use the AC/cAMP pathway?

Answer 15

ACTH, LH, FSH, TSH, glucagon

Question 16

Which hormones use the PLC/IP3/DAG pathway?

Answer 16

GnRH, TRH, GHRH, oxytocin

Question 17

Describe A.C. signaling pathway

Answer 17

Gs –> alpha-GTP –> A.C. –> cAMP –> PKA –> phosphorylation of proteins

Question 18

Describe PLC signaling pathway

Answer 18

Gq –> alpha-GTP –> PLC –> IP3/DAG –> PKC, Ca+ release

Question 19

What is an SRE?

Answer 19

Steroid-responsive element – Portion of DNA where active steroid hormone receptor transcription factor binds and causes txn and translation

Question 20

Hypothalamus-Pituitary axis regulates the function of which 3 other endocrine glands?

Answer 20

Thyroid, Adrenal, Gonads

Question 21

3 physiologic processes regulated by the H-P axis

Answer 21

• Growth
• Milk production and ejection
• Osmoregulation

Question 22

Primary vs. Secondary vs. Tertiary endocrine disorders

Answer 22

Primary - the gland itself
Secondary - Pituitary
Tertiary - Hypothalamus