Physio Pre-Midterm Flashcards
Define homeostasis
Maintenance of stable internal environment
Define steady state
Unchanging with time
Define equilibrium
Parameters maintained in energetically favorable situation
Define redundancy
More than 1 system to control a variable
Define hierarchy
Systems compete to change a variable, each system has a priority (exercise-BP vs. vasodilation hypothal)
Define negative feedback
Reverse perturbance
Define positive feedback
Amplification of deviation
What are the 3 criteria involved in homeostasis?
Sensor, integrator, effector
Differentiate between mM and mOsm
1 mM NaCl = 2 mOsm because there are 2 particles
What is the difference between gauge scale and absolute scale?
Gauge = Celsius/Farenheit
Absolute scale = Kelvins
What is Fick’s Law
Flux is proportional to: Partition (diffusion, partition, temperature), change in concentration, area
What type of transport shows saturation kinetics?
Facilitated diffusion
What is the difference between ionotropic and metabotropic receptors?
I: ligand-gated receptor/channel
M: G-protein coupled receptor
In facilitated diffusion, how do you increase flux?
Increase number of receptors/transporters
What are the major types of transport?
- Simple (Pore, channel, facilitated–saturatable)
2. Active (primary, secondary)
What drives particles in secondary active transport?
Electrochemical gradient of Na; particle moves upstream as Na flows down
What determines the rate of flow of a gas: partial pressure or [concentration]?
Partial pressure
How do you calculate partial pressure?
= fractional % * total pressure
What do you have to take into account in the human body when thinking about partial pressure?
Water is added to air, so the fractional % of O2 actually decreases a little bit
What are the 3 gases important for physiology?
Oxygen, nitrogen, CO2
Hypothalamus is responsible for
Temperature, osmolarity, coordination of CNS
Midbrain general function
Vision
Medulla general function
Respiration, HR, BP
What are activities that are solely sympathetic?
Liver, kidney, adipose, vasc sm musc, sweat, piloerector
What are activities that are solely parasympathetic?
Gastric/pancreatic secretions, lacrimal gland
Are post-ganglionic neurons myelinated?
No
What are 4 sympathetic activities that do not use NE/E?
- Smooth muscle within skeletal muscle
- Sweat glands
- Renal vascular system
- Adrenal medulla