Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

physio 2 > physio exam 2 > Flashcards

physio exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Principal ECF electrolytes

A

Na, Cl, bicarbonate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Principal ICF electrolytes

A

K, phosphate, magnesium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

calcium function

A

bone and teeth building; coagulations; muscle contraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

chloride function

A

formation of HCL in stomach; transmit nerve impulses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

magnesium function

A

enzymes activation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

potassium function

A

regulation of water and electrolyte content of ICF; acid-base balance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

sodium function

A

regulation of fluid volume within ECF; increase membrane permeability; control water
distribution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

effects of increased ADH

A

Stimulates water conservation at the kidneys, concentrating urine

Stimulates the thirst center to promote the drinking of fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

where is aldosterone secreted

A

the adrenal cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

T/F

The higher the plasma aldosterone concentration, the more efficiently the kidneys will conserve sodium

A

TRUE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Released by cardiac muscle cells in response to abnormal stretching of the atrial walls caused by elevated blood pressure or increase in blood volume

A

ANP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

edema

A

presence of excess fluid in the tissues (mainly in the ECC)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

list 4 causes of intracellular edema

A

o Hyponatremia
o Depression of metabolic systems of the cells
o Reduced nutrition of the cells (ischemia)
o Inflammation (increase membranes permeability)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

list 3 causes of extracellular edema

A

o Abnormal leakage of fluid from plasma to interstitial spaces
o Failure of lymphatic vessels to return fluid from the tissues back into the blood
o Causes: increased capillary pressure, decreased plasma proteins, increased capillary
permeability, blockage of lymph return

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

thiazide

A

diuretics inhibit NaCl resorption in the DT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Potassium-sparing diuretics (amiloride) function

A

block sodium channels in the CD leading to a reduction

of potassium excretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

caused by a lack of ADH synthesis in posterior pituitary gland

A

Diabetes insipidus centralis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

when ADH is produced but it cannot act in the kidney

A

Diabetes insipidus renalis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

the testes determining gene (only in males) that causes the bipotential gonads to develop into testes

A

SRY gene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

this hormone will cause the development of the external genitals
in males

A

Dihydrotestosterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

this will cause the degeneration of the mullerian ducts in

males (in females this is absent, allowing the development of mullerian ducts)

A

anti mullerian hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

this will cause the wolffian duct to become seminal vesicles, vas deferens and epididymis

A

testosterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Acts on anterior hypophysis to increase secretion of FSH and LH

A

GnRH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

under FSH stimulation convert testosterone

to dihydrotestosterone

A

sertoli cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Acts on sertoli cells to produce inhibin causing a negative feedback effect on pituitary release of FSH

A

FSH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Stimulates androgen production from leydig cells

A

LH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

ensures a constant high intratubular concentration of testosterone essential for the function of the epididymis, and possibly other accessory glands

A

androgen binding protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

hormone produced by leydig cells

A

testosterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

This causes the androgen in males to be converted into estradiol

A

aromatase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

produced by the follicular cells in the ovary

A

estradiol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

produced by the CL

A

progesterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

mediates ovulatory surge of LH

A

estradiol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

female hypothalamus – surge center

A

responsible for bursts of GnRH required to achieve preovulatory LH surge; female structure; in males this structure is regressed by the crossing of testosterone through the blood brain barrier

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

female hypothalamus – tonic center

A

frequency of GnRH pulses controlled by a pulse generator

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

T/F

hypothalamus is inherently female

A

TRUE

**testosterone during development defeminizes the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

T/F

the surge center of the hypothalamus is also in men

A

FALSE

**Testosterone crosses blood brain barrier and converted to estradiol which causes defeminization of hypothalamus, eliminating the surge center in males

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

why doesnt the estradiol from fetal ovaries cross the blood brain barrier???

A

it ismbound to alpha-fetoprotein and is too big to cross barrier

38
Q

acquisition of capability of sexual reproduction (production of gametes)

A

puberty

**different from sexual maturity

39
Q

Neurobilogic brake on prepubertal GnRH pulsatility

A

Gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) and Neuropeptide Y (NPY) – Negative effect on GnRH release and pulsatility

40
Q

hormone that can mediate the onset of puberty

A

leptin – adipocyte hormone

41
Q

T/F

All epididymal functions are androgen dependent

A

true

42
Q

T/F

libido can be increased with testosterone injections

A

false – genetically determined

threshold of testosterone

43
Q

GnRH in short day breeders

A

increases

44
Q

GnRH in long day breeders

A

decreases

45
Q

produced mainly by follicular cells in the ovaries

A

estradiol

46
Q

synthesis of estradiol

A

two cell two gonadotrophin synthesis

theca interna cells make androstenedione by LH

granulosa cells convert this into estradiol

47
Q

mediates sexual behavior and secondary characteristics of females

A

estradiol

48
Q

mediates the ovulatory surge of LH

A

estradiol

49
Q

synthesized by androgens by action of aromatase

A

estrogens

50
Q

hormone produced mainly by the CL

A

progesterone

51
Q

when is the CL formed

A

after ovulation

52
Q

large luteal cells

A

granulosa cells

53
Q

small luteal cells

A

theca interna cells

54
Q

T/F

both small and large luteal cells help produce progesterone

A

true

**large makes more

55
Q

responsible for closure of the cervix

A

progesterone

56
Q

maintains pregnancy – critical

A

progesterone

57
Q

class of hormone that binds to progesterone receptor s

A

progestagens

58
Q

hormone produced mainly by the leydig cells

A

testosterone

59
Q

responsible for masculinization and spermatogenesis

A

testosterone

60
Q

t/F

testosterone is osteoblastic

A

true

61
Q

where is gnrh secreted

A

hypothalamic centers

62
Q

oocyte surrounded by a single layer of squamous cells

A

primordial – origin of granulosa/follicular cells

63
Q

oocyte surrounded by a single layer of cuboidal cells

A

primary

64
Q

follicle stage when zona pellucida is now present

A

secondary follicle

65
Q

follicle where fluid accumulates in the cavity

A

antral follicle

66
Q

immediately after ovulation the antrum collapses and fills with blood

A

corpus hemorrhagicum

67
Q

remnant of old corpus luteum

A

corpus albican –scar tissue

68
Q

perceived by the retina and mediated by photoperiod

A

seasonality

69
Q

produced by the pineal gland in the darkness

A

melatonin

70
Q

difference between puberty and sexual maturity

A

puberty – capable of sexual maturity/gametes produced

sexual maturity – further body growth and adequate size for reproduction

71
Q

adipocyte hormone that may mediate the onset of puberty

A

leptin

72
Q

T/F

estrus is defined behaviorally

A

TRUE

73
Q

blood supply to scrotum

A

external pudendal a

74
Q

nerve innervation to scortum

A

genitofemoral

75
Q

drainage of scrotum

A

superficial inguinal lymph node

76
Q

drainage of the testes

A

lumbar lymph nodes

77
Q

cremaster muscle originates from…

A

internal abdominal oblique m

78
Q

how much cooler are testes from core body

A

about 4C

79
Q

counter-current arterio-venous exchange in testes

A

pampiniform plexus – thermoregulation

80
Q

stimulates androgen/testosterone production from the leydig cells

A

LH

81
Q

enhances LH-induced testosterone secretion

A

prolactin

82
Q

steroid hormone produced by sertoli cells that locally supports spermatogenesis and has a negative feedback to decreases LH and FSH

A

estrogen

83
Q

where is inhibin produced in males

A

sertoli cells

84
Q

produced by the sertoli cells under FSH stimulation

A

androgen binding protein – functions to bind testosteron to keep high intratubular concentrations

85
Q

site of sperm storage

A

tail of epididymis

86
Q

ejection of sperm from epididymis

A

emission

87
Q

ejection of semen from urethra

A

ejaculation

88
Q

where in the uterine tube does fertilization occur

A

ampulla

89
Q

how do the sperm extend their lifespan

A

adhering to the tubal epithelium in the isthmus until time of ovulation

90
Q

what stage of fertilization do chromosomes mix

A

prophase 1

91
Q

T/F

Contact between oocyte and cumulus cells is essential for fertility of the oocyte

A

true

92
Q

The site of the functional sperm reservoir is the

A

isthmus of uterus

physio 2 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions