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PHYSIO 1 > physio exam 1 > Flashcards

physio exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Eukaryotic cell

A

Plant and animal cells with a nucleus and membrane enclosed organelles

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2
Q

Prokaryotic

A

Unicellular, without nucleus or membrane enclosed organelles

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3
Q

What do all cells have?

A

Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
Genetic material (DNA)

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4
Q

Substances that make up the cell?

A
  1. Water
  2. Ions
  3. Proteins
  4. Lipids
  5. Carbohydrates
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5
Q

What is the function of water in the cell?

A

Dissolves particles for reactions to happen

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6
Q

The function of ions

A
  1. Provides inorganic chemicals for cellular reactions
  2. Necessary for operation of some of the cellular control mechanisms (Ex: transmission)
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7
Q

What chemicals are more concentrated in the extracellular fluid?

A

Sodium, Calcium, Chloride

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8
Q

Potassium is more concentrated _______

A

Inside the cell

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9
Q

Function of proteins

A

3D shape that can bind to other molecules (lock and key)

Can change shape and alter binding properties + function

Causes physiological change

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10
Q

Types of proteins in the membrane?

A

1.Integral

  1. Peripheral
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11
Q

Examples of structural proteins

A

Cytoskeleton

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12
Q

Examples of Functional Proteins

A
  1. Enzymes
  2. Transport Proteins
  3. Signaling proteins
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13
Q

Which cell structure is the the space between the nucleus and plasma membrane?

A

Cytoplasm

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14
Q

Define cytoplasm

A

The space between the nucleus and the membrane

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15
Q

Which component of the cell is used primarily to separate cell compartments?

A

Lipids (lipid bilayer)

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16
Q

What is the function of lipids in the cell membrane?

A
  1. Separates cell compartments
  2. Selective transport
  3. Processing info
  4. Makes a barrier to separate things
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17
Q

Integral vs Peripheral proteins?

A

Integral goes through the cell, Peripheral lies along the surface

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18
Q

What is the function of triglycerides?

A

They are lipids used as a food source or membrane synthesis

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19
Q

The difference in the concentrations of ions on either side of the cell membrane leads to a voltage called?

A

Membrane potentional

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20
Q

What is the purpose of the membrane potential?

A

Transmits signals and powers molecular devices like transport channels

21
Q

Where is Na+ most abundant?

A

Outside of the cell

22
Q

True or false: K+ is more concentrated inside the cell

A

True

23
Q

Define a membrane potential

A

Difference in electrical charge between intra and extra cellular fluid. Used to transmit signals and power molecular devices. Moves ions in and out of the cell

24
Q

Which of the following cell components is the major source of energy in the cell?

A

CARBOHYDRATES

25
Q

What is the most abundant substance in the cell?

A

Water, then proteins

26
Q

What are ways of storing energy?

A

Triglycerides and glycogen in liver and muscle cells

27
Q

What is the purpose of carbohydrates?

A

Stores energy

28
Q

What is the purpose of ions?

A

To transmit reactions

29
Q

What does the nucleus consist of?

A
  1. Nuclear membrane
  2. Nucleolus
  3. Genetic material (DNA)
30
Q

What is the function of the smooth ER?

A

Synthesizes lipids

31
Q

What is the function of the Rough ER?

A

Makes proteins and fats

32
Q

What is the function of lysosomes?

A

Part of intracellular digestion. Degrades damaged cells, food, and unwanted material

It is the KILLING MACHINE OF THE CELL

33
Q

Types of lipids?

A
  1. Phospholipids
  2. Cholesterol
  3. Triglycerides
34
Q

What ions are used in facilitated diffusion?

A
  1. Ligand gated channels
  2. Ion Channels
  3. Aquaporins
  4. Voltage gated
35
Q

Describe Active Transport

A
  1. Moves against concentration gradient
  2. From less conc. to more conc.
  3. Req. Energy

Two Types: Primary & Secondary

36
Q

Can water soluble substances cross the membrane?

A

No, the polar heads are hydrophobic= scared of water, wont let it past

37
Q

Describe osmosis

A

Moves from low solute concentration to high solute concentration

**to dilute the high concentrations

38
Q

Hypotonicity

A

Water rushes into the cell causing swelling

low conc to high conc

39
Q

Hypertonicity

A

Water rushes out of the cell causing shriveling

40
Q

What is the most important channel in the membrane?

A

Aquaporins and ion channels

41
Q

Ligand gated channels

A

locks onto a receptor to active signaling

42
Q

Glut 2 is an example of?

A

Channel protein

43
Q

Functions of receptors

A
  1. Proteins that transfer info
  2. Binds to ligands to active signaling
  3. On cell surface for hydrophilic molecules
  4. Inside cell for hydrophobic molecules
44
Q

True of False: G protein coupled receptors are metabotropic receptors that bind to G proteins and cause a cascade response

A

True

45
Q

Describe GPCR

A

” on / off switch”

Integral protein on the surface

A ligand binds to GPCR and activates G protein

GDP turns to GTP

Beta and gamma fall off

46
Q

Secondary Messengers

A

Activates and deactivated a response

Types:
cAMP
Calcium
DAG
IP3

47
Q

Types of secondary messengers?

A

cAMP
Calcium
DAG
IP3

48
Q

An example of an intracellular receptor?

A

Steroids.

A lipophilic molecule in blood that transfers over the cell

49
Q

What makes up the cytoskeleton?

A
  1. Microfilaments
  2. Microtubules
  3. Intermediate filaments

PHYSIO 1 (5 decks)

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