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PHYSIO 1 > Neurophys block 4 > Flashcards

Neurophys block 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the subdivisons of the CNS

A

Brain
- receives and processes info from PNS
-initiates responses
- stores memories, thoughts, emotions

Spinal cord
- conducts signals to and from CNS
- controls reflex

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2
Q

List all 7 parts that make up a neuron

A
  1. Dendrites
  2. Cell Body/ Soma/ Pericaryon
  3. Axon Hillock
  4. Axon Hillock/ Trigger zone
  5. Presynaptic Terminal
  6. Myelin Sheath
  7. Nodes of Ranvier
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3
Q

What is the function of dendrites?

A

Receives info

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4
Q

What is the function of the cell body/ stoma/ pericaryon?

A

Contains organelles

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5
Q

What is the function of the axon?

A

Carries info, passes messages

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6
Q

What is the function of the Axon Hillock/ Trigger zone?

A

The origin of the axon, it makes the action potential (AP)

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7
Q

What is the function of the presynaptic terminal?

A

It is the end of the axon, transmits info

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8
Q

What is the function of the myelin sheath?

A

-enhances speed of info transfer

-Produced by Schwann cells in the PNS and Oligodendrocytes in the CNS

-saltatory conduction

  • Faster depol is unmyelinated cells

Small axons < 1um are unmyelinated

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9
Q

Nodes of Ranvier

A
  • gaps in between myelin sheaths

-Generates AP, jumps from node to node

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10
Q

Glial cells in the CNS?

A
  1. Microglial
  2. Astrocytes
  3. Oligodendrocytes
  4. Ependymal cells
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11
Q

Glial cells in the PNS?

A

Schwann cells (makes myelin in the periphery)

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12
Q

Functions of glial cells

A
  • helps make myelin
  • modulates growth in damaged neurons
  • buffers conc. of K+ and neurotransmitters
  • helps form synapses INDIRECTLY

-Helps with immune responses

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13
Q

Microglial cells

A

(Glial cells in the CNS)

  • brain immune cells
  • act as macrophage to clear debris (phagocytosis)
  • releases NO to prevent viral replication
  • protects and helps develop the brain

-destroys unnecessary synapses

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14
Q

Astrocytes

A

(Glial cells in the CNS) - 50%

  • structural and metabolic support for neurons
  • forms inner/outer glial membrane

-releases neurotrophic factors

  • helps elongate axons/dendrites
  • helps w repair (regeneration)

-helps maintain BBB

CONTROLS:
- levels of neurotransmitters
- conc. of ions (has ion channels)

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15
Q

Oligodendrocytes

A

(Glial cells in the CNS)

-supports axons

  • can touch multiple axons @ the same time

-makes myelin in CNS, speeds up conduction

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16
Q

Ependymal cells

A

(glial cells in CNS)

  • creates cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

-covers ventricles in brain, central canal of CNS, choroid plexus in medulla oblongata

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17
Q

Schwann cells

A

(glial cell in PNS)- also called neurolemmocytes

  • makes myelin in periphery

-side by side axon, provides support

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18
Q

Structural classification of neurons

A
  1. Multipolar- most common. 1 axon, many dendrites
  2. Bipolar- 2 processes. 1 axon, 1 dendrite
  3. Pseudo-unipolar- single stem process that forms 2 processes. 1 goes to PNS, other goes to CNS. Sensory afferent- info from PNS to CNS
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19
Q

Functional classifications of neurons

A
  1. Sensory/ Afferent
  2. Interneurons/ Association
  3. Motor neurons/Efferent
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20
Q

Sensory/Afferent neurons

A

info from PNS to CNS

mostly PSEUDO-UNIPOLAR

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21
Q

Interneurons/Association

A

in the CNS

Connects motor and sensory neurons

mostly MULTI-POLAR or BIPOLAR

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22
Q

Motor/ Efferent neurons

A

info from CNS to PNS (muscle/glands)

mostly MULTIPOLAR

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23
Q

Ganglia

A

bunch of cell bodies in the periphery

24
Q

What makes up the brainstem?

A
  1. Medulla Oblongata
  2. Pons
  3. Midbrain/Mesencephalon
25
Q

Basal Nuclei

A

bunch of cell bodies in the CNS

26
Q

Functional areas of the cerebral cortex

A
  1. Primary sensory cortex
  2. Primary motor cortex
  3. Association cortex
27
Q

Olfactory lobe

A

perception of smell, part of the primary sensory cortex

28
Q

Frontal lobe

A

motor areas of the brain

sends commands to control movement (skeletal musc)

29
Q

Parietal lobe

A

Somatosensory area, part of the primary sensory cortex

Ex: touch, pain, temp, pressure, taste

30
Q

Temporal Lobe

A

auditory and vestibular, conscious perception of sound and balance

part of primary sensory cortex

31
Q

Occipital lobe

A

visual cortex, interprets vision

part of primary sensory cortex

32
Q

Primary motor cortex

A
33
Q

Who carries commands from the CNS to the peripheral tissues and systems?

A

Motor system/ motor neurons

34
Q

What controls reflex activities?

A

Spinal cord

35
Q

What controls skeletal muscle contractions?

A

somatic motor neuron

36
Q

myelin production in the CNS

A

Oligodendrocytes

37
Q

originates action potentials in the neuron

A

axon hillock

38
Q

saltatory conduction in the neuron

A

myelin sheet

39
Q

controls levels of neurotransmitters around synapses

A

astrocytes

40
Q

detailed sensory perception, conscious perception of pain

A

primary cortical sensory areas

41
Q

initiation of voluntary movement

A

cerebral cortex

42
Q

learning and intelligent behavior

A

association cortex

43
Q

connects regions of cerebral cortex from right to left

A

commissural fibers

44
Q

coordination of voluntary movement

A

cerebellum

45
Q

preprocesses info reaching the cerebral cortex

A

thalamus

46
Q

fighting, fleeing, fighting, sex

A

hypothalamus

47
Q

cervical neck region of spinal cord

A

C1-C5

48
Q

Cervical intumescence: thoracic limb

A

C6-T2

49
Q

Thoracolumbar: Thorax + ABD

A

T3-L3

50
Q

Lumbar intumescence: pelvic cavity, pelvic limb, perineum

A

L4-S3

51
Q

Caudal tail

A

Cd1- Cd5

52
Q

Dorsal root

A

where SENSORY (afferent) NERVES enter spinal cord

53
Q

Ventral root

A

Where MOTOR (efferent) NERVES leave spinal cord (from CNS)

54
Q

Components of spinal cord

A
  1. Main trunk
  2. Peripheral branches
  3. Root (dorsal + ventral)
55
Q

Commissural fibers

A

Connects right and left hemispheres

56
Q

Fibers that compose all spinal nerves

A
  1. Somatic Sensory- enters thru dorsal root
  2. Visceral Sensory- enters thru dorsal root
  3. Somatic motor- leaves through ventral root
  4. Visceral motor- leaves thru ventral horn
57
Q

Visceral motor system

A

ANS- sympathetic (fight or flight) and parasympathetic (rest and digest)

PHYSIO 1 (5 decks)

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