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PHYSIO 1 > Neurophys block 5 > Flashcards

Neurophys block 5 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 meninges?

A
  1. Dura matter
  2. Arachnoid
  3. Pia Matter
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2
Q

Dura matter

A
  • outmost layer
  • fused w inner skull
  • thicker, protects the CNS
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3
Q

Arachnoid

A
  • web like appearance, trabeculae
  • Thin, loose CT
  • Subarachnoid space between arachnoid and pia matter
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4
Q

What is the function of the subarachnoid space?

A

Traps CSF, CSF is absorbed

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5
Q

Pia matter

A

Innermost layer

Adheres to surface of CNS, covers CSF

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6
Q

What is the major source of CSF?

A

Choroid plexus

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7
Q

Ventricular system

A
  1. Lateral ventricle
  2. 3rd ventricle
  3. 4th ventricle

One of the places where the CSF is produced

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8
Q

Interstitial capillaries

A

Provides O2 + substances consumed in large amounts

Macronutrients

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9
Q

Absorption of CSF

A

From subarachnoid space into venous sinuses through

  1. Arachnoid villus
  2. Dorsal Sagittal sinus
  3. Veins

PRESSURE DEPENDENT + UNIDIRECTIONAL

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10
Q

Functional types of synapses

A
  1. Chemical
  2. Electrical
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11
Q

Chemical synapses

A
  • most common, unidirectional
  • presynaptic neuron secretes neurotransmitter and acts on receptor proteins in post synaptic membrane

EXCITATORY + INHIBITORY

Ex: AcH @ NMJ

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12
Q

Electrical synapses

A

Adjacent cells directly connected by clusters of ion channels called GAP JUNCTIONS

BIDIRECTIONAL

interacts w chemical synapses, promotes synchronous firing

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13
Q

Ionotropic Receptors

A
  • Cation channels opened by excitatory neurotransmitters
  • Induces depol +++

Ex: Na+ channel

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14
Q

Metabotropic receptors

A
  • acts thru secondary messengers
  • GPCR’s open ion channels thru post synaptic membrane

Activates cAMP, intracellular enzymes, or gen transcription

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15
Q

Types of summation in graded potentials

A
  1. Spatial summation
  2. Temporal summation
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16
Q

Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials (EPSP)

A

Ligand gated

  • Depolarizes graded potentials
  • Drives mp to threshold
  • excitatory synapses, opens cation channels
17
Q

Speed of conduction

A

Depends on axon diameter and degree of myelination

18
Q

How does saltatory conduction work?

A
  1. Na flows in cell (DEPOL)
  2. Electrical current flows thru axoplasm and in axon (Passive and decremental Na+ current)
  3. Impulse sent from node to node
  4. Changes voltage on next node to open Na channels
  5. When next node is done depolarizing the previous one is repolarizing (AP regenerated)
19
Q

Spatial summation

A

graded potential induced by different synapses, summates in post synaptic neuron

simultaneous summation of EPSP + IPSP’s

20
Q

Temporal summation

A

succesive discharges from a single presynaptic terminal, summates in post synaptic neuron

IF RAPID ENOUGH

21
Q

Inhibitory Post Synaptic Potentials (IPSP)

A

Hyperpolarizing graded potentials

Drives mp away from threshold so AP is less likely

Inhibitory synapses, opens anion channels

22
Q

Functional classification of sensory neurons

A
  1. Mechanoreceptors
  2. Thermoreceptors
  3. Nociceptors
  4. Photoreceptors
  5. Chemoreceptors
23
Q

Mechanoreceptors

A
  1. Skin tactile sensibilities
  2. Deep tissue sensibilities
  3. Hearing
  4. Equillibrium/ balance
  5. Arterial Receptors
24
Q

Chemoreceptors

A

Receptors for
- taste
- smell
- arterial O2
- osmolality
- Blood CO2
- BG, AA, FA

25
Q

Nocireceptors

A

receptors for pain!

free nerve endings

26
Q

Primary/ 1st order neuron

A

PNS to CNS

primary afferent

27
Q

Secondary/ 2nd order neuron

A

in CNS, crossing over

spinal cord or brainstem to thalamus

28
Q

Tertiary/ 3rd order neuron

A

in CNS

thalamus to primary somatosensory cortex

29
Q

4th order neuron

A

in CNS

sensory area of cerebral cortex

30
Q

Types of adaptation

A
  1. Slow adapting receptors= tonic
  2. Fast adapting receptors= phasic
31
Q

The BBB is highly permeable to?

A

H2O, CO2, O2 and lipid soluble molecules

32
Q

What is the BBB impermeable to?

A

plasma proteins and non lipid soluble large organic molecules

33
Q

The BBB is slightly permeable to?

A

Na+, K+, Cl-

34
Q

Arachnoid villi

A

finger like projections of arachnoid membrane that pokes through dura matter in lumen on venous sinuses

helps drain CSF

35
Q

Functions of the CSF

A
  1. Protect brain + spinal cord
  2. Waste control, removes harmful metabolites
  3. Brain distribution system for peptide hormones and growth factors
  4. Maintains microenvironment for neurons and glia (micronutrients)

PHYSIO 1 (5 decks)

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