[PHYSIO] CVS (2024)

Question 1

1. Inhibition of Na-K-ATPase will result in:
   
   • A) increased inotropy
   • B) decreased intracellular sodium
   • C) decreased intracellular potassium
   • D) increased chronotropy

Answer 1

• D) increased chronotropy

Question 2

2. During which phase of the cardiac cycle does the mitral valve open?
   
   • A) Diastasis
   • B) rapid ventricular ejection
   • C) isovolumetric relaxation
   • D) atrial systole

Answer 2

• C) isovolumetric relaxation

Question 3

3. An increase in contractility is seen on a Frank-Sterling diagram as:
   
   • A) increased cardiac output for a given end-diastolic volume
   • B) decreased cardiac output for a given end-systolic volume
   • C) decreased cardiac output for a given end-diastolic volume
   • D) increased cardiac output for a given end-systolic volume

Answer 3

• A) increased cardiac output for a given end-diastolic volume

Question 4

4. A 30-year-old patient involved in a motor vehicular accident with hypovolemic shock. Which of the following parameters is known to increase cardiac output?
   
   • A) decreased inotropy
   • B) increased venous capacitance
   • C) decreased afterload
   • D) decreased heart rate

Answer 4

• C) decreased afterload

Question 5

5. Which is not true of cerebral blood flow?
   
   • A) Increase in hydrogen ion causes decrease in blood flow
   • B) The utilization of oxygen by the brain remains within narrow limits
   • C) Cerebral blood flow is highly related to the metabolism of the cerebral tissues
   • D) Increase in cerebral blood flow will increase removal of carbonic acids

Answer 5

• A) Increase in hydrogen ion causes decrease in blood flow

Question 6

6. The Aortic pressure is highest during which phase of the cardiac cycle?
   
   • A) Reduced ventricular ejection
   • B) Rapid ventricular filling
   • C) Rapid ventricular ejection
   • D) Isovolumetric ventricular contraction

Answer 6

• C) Rapid ventricular ejection

Question 7

38. Which vitamin deficiency can lead to heart failure?
    a. Riboflavin
    b. Cholecalciferol
    c. Vitamin C
    d. Thiamine

Answer 7

d. Thiamine

Question 8

7. During which phase of the cardiac cycle is ventricular volume lowest?
   
   • A) Reduced ventricular filling
   • B) Rapid ventricular filling
   • C) Isovolumetric ventricular relaxation
   • D) Rapid ventricular ejection

Answer 8

• C) Isovolumetric ventricular relaxation

Question 9

8. Which site has the highest systolic blood pressure?
   
   • A) Renal artery
   • B) Pulmonary artery
   • C) Aorta
   • D) Right atrium

Answer 9

• A) Renal artery

Question 10

9. The ventricles are completely depolarized during which isoelectric portion of the electrocardiogram?
   
   • A) ST segment
   • B) PR interval
   • C) QRS complex
   • D) T wave
   • E) QT interval

Answer 10

• A) ST segment

Question 11

10. During which phase of the cardiac cycle is ventricular volume lowest?
    
    • A) Isovolumetric ventricular contraction
    • B) Reduced ventricular ejection
    • C) Atrial systole
    • D) Isovolumetric ventricular relaxation
    • E) Rapid ventricular ejection

Answer 11

• D) Isovolumetric ventricular relaxation

Question 12

11. Longest phase of the cardiac cycle?
    
    • A) Reduced ventricular filling
    • B) Reduced ventricular ejection
    • C) Isovolumetric contraction
    • D) Atrial contraction
    • E) Isovolumetric relaxation

Answer 12

• A) Reduced ventricular filling

Question 13

12. In a patient with hyperkalemia, which ECG finding will you see?
    
    • A) Low P waves, Peaked T waves
    • B) Inverted T waves
    • C) Flat T waves with U waves
    • D) Prolonged QT interval and decreased heart rate
    • E) ST segment elevation

Answer 13

• A) Low P waves, Peaked T waves

A. Prolonged QT interval and decreased heart rate (Hypocalcemia)
B. Low P waves, Peaked T waves (Hyperkalemia)
C. Flat T waves with u waves (Hypokalemia)
D. ST segment elevation (Acute myocardial infarction)
E. Inverted T waves (Myocardial Ischemia)

Question 14

79. In a patient with hypocalcemia which ECG finding will you see?
    
    • A) Low P waves, Peaked T waves
    • B) Inverted T waves
    • C) Flat T waves with U waves
    • D) Prolonged QT interval and decreased heart rate
    • E) ST segment elevation

Answer 14

• D) Prolonged QT interval and decreased heart rate

A. Prolonged QT interval and decreased heart rate (Hypocalcemia)
B. Low P waves, Peaked T waves (Hyperkalemia)
C. Flat T waves with u waves (Hypokalemia)
D. ST segment elevation (Acute myocardial infarction)
E. Inverted T waves (Myocardial Ischemia)

Question 15

13. The following conditions cause circus movements EXCEPT?
    
    • A) Hypokalemia
    • B) Electrical stimulation of the heart
    • C) Dilated cardiomyopathy
    • D) Administration of epinephrine
    • E) Ischemic heart disease

Answer 15

• A) Hypokalemia

Question 16

14. According to the Frank-Starling Mechanism, when Afterload increases:
    
    • A) The velocity of sarcomere shortening decreases
    • B) Cardiac output increases
    • C) No effect on cardiac output
    • D) Stroke volume increases

Answer 16

• D) Stroke volume increases

Question 17

15. A 45-year-old female patient presented with shortness of breath and chest pain. Physical examination revealed tachycardia and diastolic murmur that is loudest at the right upper sternal border. What is the characteristic mechanism of this condition?
    
    • A) Elevation of pulse pressure
    • B) Decreased left ventricular end-diastolic volume
    • C) Elevation of aortic diastolic pressure
    • D) Decreased force of contraction
    • E) Increased afterload

Answer 17

• A) Elevation of pulse pressure

Question 18

16. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic or does NOT happen during atrial contraction?
    
    • A) V wave of atrial pressure is seen
    • B) Occurs during the distal third of the diastole
    • C) Preceded by P wave in the ECG
    • D) 4th heart sound maybe heard due to atria contracting against stiff ventricles
    • E) None of the above

Answer 18

• A) V wave of atrial pressure is seen

Question 19

17. Murmurs coming from the mitral valve can be heard best by putting the stethoscope in which of the following areas?
    
    • A) 2nd ICS left parasternal border
    • B) 2nd ICS right parasternal border
    • C) 3rd ICS left parasternal border
    • D) 5th ICS left MCL
    • E) 4th ICS left parasternal border

Answer 19

• D) 5th ICS left MCL

Question 20

90. Murmurs coming from the Aortic valve can be heard best by putting the stethoscope in which of the following are?
    A. 5th ICS left MCL
    B. 4th ICS left parasternal border
    C. 3rd ICS left parasternal border
    D. 2nd ICS left parasternal border
    E. 2nd ICS right parasternal border

Answer 20

E. 2nd ICS right parasternal border

Question 21

18. A 59-year-old male with diabetes and hypertension came to the ER with chest pain and ST segment elevation in Leads V1, V2, V3, V4. The ST segment coincides with what phase in the cardiac cycle?
    
    • A) Ventricular ejection
    • B) Ventricular filling
    • C) Isovolumetric contraction
    • D) Atrial contraction
    • E) Isovolumetric relaxation

Answer 21

• A) Ventricular ejection

Question 22

19. A cardiac patient asks you to discuss the physiology of cardiac action potential. Phase 2 of SA node action potential is:
    
    • A) Does not occur
    • B) The plateau of the action potential
    • C) Caused by inward Na current
    • D) Due to a transient increase in Ca conductance
    • E) None of these is correct

Answer 22

• A) Does not occur

Question 23

20. A 16-year-old medical student was brought to the ER in shock. Which finding would favor anaphylactic shock rather than hypovolemic shock?
    
    • A) Cardiac output is higher than normal
    • B) Serum creatinine is elevated
    • C) Total peripheral resistance is greater than normal
    • D) Ventricular contractility is greater than normal
    • E) All of the above

Answer 23

• A) Cardiac output is higher than normal