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GCSE Science AQA 2016 Onwards > Physics Units 1-4 > Flashcards

Physics Units 1-4 Flashcards

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1
Q

How do you calculate the amount of elastic potential energy stored in a spring?

A

E = ½ ke2

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2
Q

What happens to the gravitational potential energy of an object as it falls?

A

It changes to kinetic energy

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3
Q

What is specific heat capacity?

A

The energy required to raise the temperature of one kilogram of the substance by 10C

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4
Q

What is power?

A

Work done per unit time OR energy transferred per unit time

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5
Q

What is a power of one watt equal to?

A

1 J/s

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6
Q

What is the principle of conservation of energy?

A

Energy cannot be created or destroyed just transformed from one form into another

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7
Q

How could you reduce unwanted energy transfers in machinery with moving parts?

A

Oil/lubricate

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8
Q

How could you reduce unwanted energy transfer from a cup of coffee?

A

Insulate

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9
Q

Name 2 renewable energy resources available for use on earth.

A

Wind/wave/tidal/solar etc

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10
Q

Name 2 non-renewable energy resources available for use on earth.

A

Coal/oil/gas/nuclear

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11
Q

What is meant by a renewable energy resource?

A

Will not run out

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12
Q

What is electrical current?

A

Flow of charge/flow of electrons

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13
Q

What do you know about the current at any point in a series circuit?

A

It is the same

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14
Q

What happens to the resistance of an LDR as light intensity increases?

A

Decreases

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15
Q

What happens to the resistance of a thermistor as one temperature increases?

A

Decreases

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16
Q

Is mains electricity ac or dc?

A

a.c.

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17
Q

What is its frequency?

A

50Hz

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18
Q

What is its p.d?

A

230V

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19
Q

What is the difference between ac and dc?

A

a.c. - changes direction d.c. - one direction

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20
Q

What colour are the insulation coverings on live, neutral and earth wires?

A

live - brown, neutral - blue, earth - green & yellow

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21
Q

What is the earth wire there for?

A

As a safety device

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22
Q

What is the p.d. between the live wire and the earth?

A

230V

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23
Q

When does the earth wire carry a current?

A

If there is a fault

24
Q

What are the 2 different equations to calculate power in an electrical circuit?

A

Power = IV

Power = I2R

25
Q

What is the National Grid?

A

A system of cables and transformers linking power stations to consumers

26
Q

What does a step up transformer do?

A

Increases voltage

27
Q

How does an insulator become charged when rubbed with another insulating material?

A

Friction causes electrons to be removed from one and given to the other

28
Q

What is density?

A

Mass per unit volume

29
Q

Why is a solid more dense that a gas?

A

Particles are closer together

30
Q

What is internal energy?

A

Total potential and kinetic energy of all the particles

31
Q

What is specific latent heat?

A

The energy required to change the state of one kilogram of a substance without a change in temperature

32
Q

What happens to the motion of molecules in a gas if you increase the temperature?

A

Move faster

33
Q

What happens when you do work on a gas?

A

Increase internal energy / increase temperature

34
Q

What is the radius of an atom?

A

1x10-10 m

35
Q

How many times smaller is the radius of a nucleus than an atom?

A

10,000 times

36
Q

Electrons are found in different what?

A

Energy levels

37
Q

Why are atoms neutral?

A

Same number of protons and electrons

38
Q

What is the atomic number of an element?

A

Number of protons

39
Q

What is the mass number of an element?

A

Number of protons and neutrons

40
Q

What is an isotope?

A

Atoms of the same element with the same number of protons and different number of neutrons

41
Q

How do you form a positive ion?

A

Lose electrons

42
Q

Why do some atoms decay?

A

They are unstable

43
Q

What is meant by the activity of an atom?

A

The rate at which a source or unstable nuclei decay

44
Q

Which type of radiation is the most ionising?

A

Alpha

45
Q

Which type of radiation is the least penetrating?

A

Alpha

46
Q

What is an alpha particle?

A

2 protons and 2 neutrons / He nucleus

47
Q

What is a beta particle?

A

Fast moving electron

48
Q

What is gamma radiation?

A

Electromagnetic radiation

49
Q

What is the half-life of a radioactive isotope?

A

The time it takes for half of the nuclei in a sample to decay

50
Q

What is radioactive contamination?

A

The unwanted presence of materials containing radioactive atoms on other materials

51
Q

What is irradiation?

A

The process of exposing an object to nuclear radiation

52
Q

Name a source of background radiation?

A

Cosmic rays / rocks / fallout from nuclear weapons / nuclear accidents

53
Q

Name a use of nuclear radiation in medicine?

A

Exploration of internal organs / control or destruction of unwanted tissue

54
Q

What is nuclear fission?

A

Splitting of large nuclei

55
Q

What usually needs to happen for fission to occur?

A

Neutron to be absorbed

56
Q

What is nuclear fusion?

A

Joining of small nuclei

GCSE Science AQA 2016 Onwards (12 decks)

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