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GCSE Science AQA 2016 Onwards > Organic Chemistry > Flashcards

Organic Chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

What is crude oil?

A

Remains of ancient plankton buried in mud A mixture of hydrocarbons

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2
Q

Why is crude oil described as a finite resource?

A

It’s non-renewable (will run out)

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3
Q

What is a hydrocarbon?

A

A compound made of hydrogen and carbon only

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4
Q

What is the general formula for alkanes?

A

CnH2n+2

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5
Q

Name this molecule

A

Methane

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6
Q

Name this molecule

A

Ethane

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7
Q

Name this molecule

A

propane

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8
Q

Name this molecule

A

butane

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9
Q

What is crude oil used for?

A

fuels

feedstock for chemicals

polymers

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10
Q

Explain how fractional distillation separates crude oil

A

Crude oil heated to 350oc

it vaporises

the top of the column is cooler and the bottom is hotter

small alkanes condense at the top of the column

large alkanes condense at the bottom of the column

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11
Q

Explain why longer alkanes have higher boiling points

A

They have stronger forces between the molecules

which require more energy to overcome

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12
Q

Explain why viscocity of the alkanes increases as the length of the chain increases

A

Longer molecules have stronger forces between the molecules

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13
Q

How does flammability of alkanes change with chain length?

A

the larger the chain length the less flammable the hydrocarbon

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14
Q

Name the two products of complete combustion of hydrocarbons

A

carbon dioxide and water

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15
Q

Describe how longer alkanes are cracked

A

Heated until vaporised

passed over a hot catalyst

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16
Q

Describe the test for alkenes

A

Bromine water

turns from orange to colourless

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17
Q

Name a use of alkenes

A

Produce polymers

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18
Q

Why are alkenes described as unsaturated?

A

They contain a C=C double bond

19
Q

Why are alkanes described as saturated?

A

They contain only C-C single bonds

20
Q

What is the general formula for alkenes?

A

CnH2n

21
Q

Name this molecule

A

Ethene

22
Q
A

Name this molecule

23
Q

Describe the conditions for the hydrogenation of ethene

A

60oc

Nickel catalyst

24
Q

State the product of the reaction of ethene with hydrogen

A

ethane

25
Q

Describe the conditions for the hydration of ethene (adding water)

A

300oc (steam)

acid catalyst

26
Q

Draw the product of the reaction of ethene with steam

A

ethanol

27
Q

Draw the product of the reaction of ethene with chlorine

A
28
Q

State alcohol’s functional group

A

-OH

29
Q

Name this molecule

A

Ethanol

30
Q

Name this molecule

A

propanol

31
Q

Describe how sodium reacts with ethanol

A

Sinks

bubbles slowly

32
Q

Write an equation for the combustion of ethanol

A

C2H5OH + 3O2 –> 2CO2 + 3H2O

33
Q

Describe what happens when alcohols are left in air

A

They oxidise

to form carboxylic acids

34
Q

name this molecule

A

propanoic acid

35
Q

name this molecule

A

ethanoic acid

36
Q

name this molecule

A

ethyl ethanoate

37
Q

State the functional group of carboxylic acids

A

-COOH

38
Q

Explain why carboxylic acids are described as weak acids

A

They only partially ionise

releasing few H+ ions

39
Q

Describe how ethyl ethanoate is formed

A

Reacting ethanol and ethanoic acid

with an acid catalyst

40
Q

Finish this equation

A
41
Q

What is a polymer?

A

A large molecule

formed from many monomers

42
Q

What is condensation polymerisation?

A

When two small molecules join releasing water

43
Q

What two types of monomer form a polyester?

A

A diol

a dicarboxylic acid

44
Q

Describe differences between condensation and addition polymerisation

A
  • Condensation produces a polymer and water
  • Addition produces only polymer
  • Addition has one monomer, an alkene
  • Condensation has two polymers (a diol and dicarboxylic acid)
  • addition polymers produce a carbon chain
  • condensation polymers have an ester link

GCSE Science AQA 2016 Onwards (12 decks)

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