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GCSE Science AQA 2016 Onwards > Chemical Analysis > Flashcards

Chemical Analysis Flashcards

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1
Q

State the colour for the flame test of a Lithium Ion (Li+)

A

Crimson/red

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2
Q

State the colour for the flame test of a Sodium Ion (Na+)

A

Orange

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3
Q

State the colour for the flame test of a Potassium Ion (K+)

A

Lilac/Purple

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4
Q

State the colour for the flame test of a calcium ion (Ca2+)

A

Red

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5
Q

State the colour for the flame test of a Barium Ion (Ba2+)

A

Green

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6
Q

State the observation when a few drops of sodium hydroxide is added to iron (II) chloride

A

green precipitate/solid

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7
Q

State the observation when a few drops of sodium hydroxide is added to iron (III) chloride

A

brown precipitate/solid

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8
Q

State the colour for the flame test of a Lithium Ion (Li+)

A

Crimson/red

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9
Q

State the colour for the flame test of a Sodium Ion (Na+)

A

Orange

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10
Q

State the colour for the flame test of a Potassium Ion (K+)

A

Lilac/Purple

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11
Q

State the colour for the flame test of a calcium ion (Ca2+)

A

red

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12
Q

State the colour for the flame test of a Barium Ion (Ba2+)

A

Green

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13
Q

State the observation when a few drops of sodium hydroxide is added to iron (II) chloride

A

green precipitate/solid

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14
Q

State the observation when a few drops of sodium hydroxide is added to iron (III) chloride

A

brown precipitate/solid

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15
Q

State the observation when a few drops of sodium hydroxide is added to copper chloride

A

blue precipitate/solid

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16
Q

State the observation when a few drops of sodiurecipitate/solidm hydroxide is added to calcium chloride

A

white precipitate/solid

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17
Q

State the observation when a few drops of sodium hydroxide is added to magnesium chloride

A

white precipitate/solid

18
Q

State the observation when a few drops of sodium hydroxide is added to aluminium chloride

A

white precipitate/solid

19
Q

State the observation when an excess of sodium hydroxide is added to aluminium chloride

A

precipitate dissolves/disappears

20
Q

Describe how to distinguish between calcium and magnesium ions

A

flame testcalcium ions give a red flame

21
Q

Describe the test for carbonate ions

A

Add an acidBubblesof carbon dioxidewhich turns limewater cloudy

22
Q

Describe the test for sulphate ions

A

Add acidified barium chloride makes a white precipitate (solid)

23
Q

Describe the test for chloride ions

A

Add silver nitrate makes a white precipitate (solid)

24
Q

Describe the test for bromide ions

A

Add silver nitrate makes a cream precipitate (solid)

25
Q

Describe the test for iodide ions

A

Add silver nitrate makes a yellow precipitate

26
Q

Give two advantages of using instrumental methods of analysis. [1]

A

faster more sensitive more accurate can detect smaller amounts

27
Q

Name the precipitate made when acidified barium chloride is added to sodium sulfate

A

barium sulfate

BaSO4

28
Q

Name the precipitate made when silver nitrate is added to potassium chloride

A

silver chloride

AgCl

29
Q

Name the precipitate made when silver nitrate is added to potassium bromide

A

silver bromide

AgBr

30
Q

Name the precipitate made when silver nitrate is added to potassium iodide

A

silver iodide

AgI

31
Q

Describe the test for hydrogen

A

Burn it

makes a squeaky pop

32
Q

Describe the test for oxygen

A

Relights a glowing spill

33
Q

Describe the test for chlorine gas

A

Bleaches blue litmus paper

34
Q

Describe the test for carbon dioxide

A

turns limewater cloudy

35
Q

Explain why carbon dioxide turns limewater cloudy

A

Calcium hydroxide reacts with carbon dioxide to form calcium carbonate

Ca(OH)2(aq) + CO2(g) –> CaCO3(s) + H2O(l)

36
Q

Describe a limitation of flame tests

A

Can’t analyse mixtures as one colour masks others

37
Q

Describe a disadvantage of chromatography

A

Similar substances have similar Rf values

Needs a reference to compare to

38
Q

Describe how to carry out paper chromatography

A

Draw a pencil line about 1cm up the paper

Place a small spot of the substance onto the paper

Suspend the paper so that the bottom just touches the solvent

39
Q
A

Water level is above the start line

Colours would dissolve

40
Q
A

Calcium ions

sodium ions

(note the word ion is required for the mark)

41
Q

Calculate the Rf value of W

A

Rf = distance travelled by substance ÷ distance travelled by solvent

= 3 ÷ 10

= 0.3

(note Rf values are always less than 1)

42
Q

From the chromatogram, what conclusions can the scientist make about the colourings in sweets S and P?

A
  • S contains six / 6 colourings
  • P contains five / 5 colourings

if neither of first 2 bullet points given allow 1 mark for S contains more colours than P or converse

• both S and P contain the same

five / 5 colourings

  • both contain W and Y
  • both sweets (may) cause hyperactivity

ignore unsafe

• neither contain X and Z

GCSE Science AQA 2016 Onwards (12 decks)

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