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physics > Physics test 23/01/25 > Flashcards

Physics test 23/01/25 Flashcards

Electricity

1
Q

What are the two fundamental forces of nature that are closely related?

A

Electricity and magnetism

These forces form the basis for many technologies used today.

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2
Q

Electricity and magnetism are part of which field?

A

Electromagnetism

Electromagnetism is one of the four fundamental forces of nature.

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3
Q

What is electricity primarily associated with?

A

The movement of electric charges

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4
Q

What is magnetism associated with?

A

The force created by moving electric charges

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5
Q

How is electric current produced?

A

By the flow of electrons through a conductor

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6
Q

What is the unit of measurement for electric current?

A

Amperes (A)

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7
Q

What are the two main types of electric current?

A
  • Direct current (DC)
  • Alternating current (AC)
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8
Q

In which direction does direct current (DC) flow?

A

In one direction

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9
Q

How does alternating current (AC) flow?

A

The direction of the flow changes periodically

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10
Q

What is the unit of measurement for electrical potential?

A

Volts (V)

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11
Q

What materials are typically attracted or repelled by magnetism?

A
  • Iron
  • Cobalt
  • Nickel
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12
Q

What creates a magnetic field around a wire?

A

An electric current flowing through the wire

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13
Q

What is the principle behind electromagnets?

A

Coiling a wire around a metal core and running an electric current through it

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14
Q

What are the two poles of a magnet?

A
  • North
  • South
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15
Q

What happens when opposite poles of magnets interact?

A

They attract

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16
Q

What happens when like poles of magnets interact?

A

They repel

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17
Q

What is the unit of measurement for the strength of a magnetic field?

A

Tesla (T)

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18
Q

What phenomenon occurs when changing magnetic fields create electric currents?

A

Electromagnetic induction

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19
Q

What devices utilize the principle of electromagnetic induction?

A
  • Generators
  • Transformers
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20
Q

What are electromagnetic waves?

A

Waves that result from the interaction between electricity and magnetism

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21
Q

Give examples of electromagnetic waves.

A
  • Light
  • Radio waves
  • X-rays
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22
Q

What is essential to modern communication and energy systems?

A

Electromagnetic waves

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23
Q

Understanding the relationship between electricity and magnetism helps explain which technologies?

A
  • Motors
  • Wireless communication systems
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24
Q
A
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25
Q

What is an electromagnet?

A

A type of magnet created by passing an electric current through a coil of wire

The coil is usually wrapped around a core made of iron or steel, which helps concentrate the magnetic field.

26
Q

How can you make an electromagnet stronger?

A

By increasing the number of coils in the wire or increasing the current flowing through the wire

Both factors boost the strength of the magnetic field.

27
Q

What is electrostatics?

A

The study of static electricity or the build-up of electric charge on the surface of objects.

28
Q

What causes electrostatic forces?

A

When electrons move from one material to another, creating a positive or negative charge.

29
Q

What is electric current?

A

The flow of electric charge, typically measured in amperes (A).

30
Q

What is potential difference?

A

The driving force that pushes electric charge through a circuit, measured in volts (V).

31
Q

How is current measured?

A

Using an ammeter connected in series with the components of the circuit.

32
Q

How is potential difference measured?

A

Using a voltmeter connected in parallel to the components.

33
Q

What happens in a series circuit if one component breaks?

A

The entire circuit will stop working.

34
Q

What is resistance?

A

The opposition to the flow of current in a circuit, measured in ohms (Ω).

35
Q

What factors affect resistance?

A
  • Material of the wire
  • Length of the wire
  • Thickness of the wire
36
Q

What are the two poles of a magnet?

A

North pole and south pole.

37
Q

What happens when like poles of magnets are brought together?

A

They repel each other.

38
Q

What is an electric motor?

A

A device that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy.

39
Q

How does an electric motor work?

A

By rotating a coil in a magnetic field, creating a force that turns the coil.

40
Q

What is the difference between a magnetic field and an electric field?

A
  • Magnetic field: Produced by magnets and electric currents, involves magnetic forces due to moving charges.
  • Electric field: Produced by charged objects, involves forces on other charges.
41
Q

Fill in the blank: A magnetic field is a region around a magnet or a moving electric charge where _______ can be felt.

A

magnetic forces

42
Q

True or False: In a parallel circuit, if one branch is broken, the other branches can still carry current.

A

True

43
Q

Fill in the blank: Resistance can be controlled by adjusting the _______ or _______ of the wire.

A

thickness, length

44
Q

What is an atom?

A

The basic building block of matter

Atoms make up everything around us, including solids, liquids, and gases.

45
Q

What are the three main subatomic particles of an atom?

A

Electrons, protons, and neutrons

Each of these particles has distinct properties and roles within the atom.

46
Q

What charge do electrons have?

A

Negatively charged

Electrons are much smaller than protons and neutrons.

47
Q

Where do electrons move within an atom?

A

In regions called electron shells or energy levels

The movement of electrons creates an electric charge.

48
Q

What determines the chemical properties of an atom?

A

The number of electrons

In a neutral atom, the number of electrons equals the number of protons.

49
Q

What is the atomic number of an atom?

A

The number of protons

It determines which element the atom is.

50
Q

What element has one proton?

A

Hydrogen

The atomic number for hydrogen is 1.

51
Q

What are neutrons?

A

Neutral particles found in the nucleus

Neutrons help stabilize the nucleus.

52
Q

What is the role of neutrons in an atom?

A

To stabilize the nucleus by balancing repulsive forces between protons

The number of neutrons can vary, leading to different isotopes.

53
Q

What happens when an atom gains electrons?

A

It becomes negatively charged (anion)

This occurs when the balance between protons and electrons is disrupted.

54
Q

What happens when an atom loses electrons?

A

It becomes positively charged (cation)

Losing electrons creates an imbalance in charge.

55
Q

How does electric current flow?

A

Due to the movement of electrons from one atom to another

In a circuit, electrons flow from the negative terminal to the positive terminal.

56
Q

What creates a magnetic field in relation to electric current?

A

The movement of electrons

Moving charges create magnetic forces.

57
Q

What is an electromagnet?

A

A device that controls the flow of electrons through a wire

When current flows through a coil of wire, it creates a magnetic field.

58
Q

What happens when a coil of wire is wrapped around an iron core?

A

The magnetic field becomes much stronger

Electrons in the iron atoms align, reinforcing the magnetic effect.

59
Q

Fill in the blank: The stronger the current, the stronger the _______ produced by the electromagnet.

A

magnetic field

This relationship allows for the creation of powerful electromagnetic devices.

60
Q

True or False: The behavior of atoms is essential for understanding how electricity and magnetism work.

A

True

Manipulating the movement of electrons allows us to harness electrical energy.

physics (13 decks)

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