Physics Test 2019 Flashcards
Characteristics of a solid
Holds its shape, strong bonds between particles, tightly packed particles etc
Characteristics of liquids
Moulds to shape of container, weaker bonds, close together etc
Characteristics of gases
No shape, no bonds, not close together etc
How does energy travel through conduction? EXAMPLE
Energy is transferred through direct contact
i.e touching a metal pot
How is energy transferred through convection? EXAMPLE
Energy is transferred by the mass motion of molecules
i.e boiling water rising from the bottom of a pot to the cooler water above, while the cooler water sinks to the bottom, warming up and repeats
How is energy transferred through radiation? EXAMPLE
Energy is transferred through electromagnetic waves
i.e getting sunburned
Scientific definition of temperature
A measure of the AVERAGE kinetic energy of the individual particles in an object
i.e an iceberg could be -1000° but most of the iceberg is -1°, therefore its temperature is -1°
Scientific definition of thermal energy
The TOTAL energy of all the particles in an object
i.e an iceberg is made up of varying temperatures, all added together to be -1000°, therefore it’s thermal energy is -1000°
Scientific definition of heat
Thermal energy moving from a warmer object to a cooler object in order to reach thermodynamic equilibrium
What is thermodynamic equilibrium?
The transfer of heat from one object to another in an attempt to make both objects the same temperature
What is a conductor ?
A material that transfers heat well
What is an insulator ?
A material that does not transfer heat well
How does static electricity work?
When two objects come into contact and create friction, the electrons from one objects jump onto the other, leaving it with a positive charge. When this same object comes close or into contact with an object with a neutral charge, the protons(positive charge) are attracted
What is the difference between the electrons in static electricity versus current electricity ?
In static they’re stationary, whereas in current, they’re constantly moving as long as there’s a continuous circuit
What is electricity?
The movement of electrons from the negative terminal to the positive through a circuit
