physics paper 1 - ENERGY - freesciencelessonguy

Question 1

what is definition for Kinetic energy

Answer 1

Kinetic energy is the energy stored in moving objects.

Stationary objects have no kinetic energy

Question 2

what is definition for Elastic potential energy

Answer 2

the energy stored in an elastic object, such as a spring, when it is stretched or compressed.

e.g.
when we stretch a spring we are applying a force to change the length of the spring
we put energy into stretching the spring
the stretched spring is storing this energy which is called elastic potential energy.

Question 3

/

Answer 3

directly proportional

Question 4

what is definition for Gravitational potential energy

Answer 4

The energy stored in an object due to it’s position above the Earth’s surface

This is due to the force of gravity acting on an object

Question 5

what is definition for Specific heat capacity

Answer 5

The Specific heat capacity of a substance is the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1kg of the substance by 1°C

Question 6

what is definition for Thermal energy

Answer 6

The energy stored due to an object’s temperature

Question 7

what is definition for The law of conservation of energy

Answer 7

Energy can be transferred usefully, stored or dissipated but it cannot be created or destroyed

Question 8

what is definition for A system

Answer 8

an object or group of objects.

Question 9

you can calculate power using either….

Answer 9

energy or work done

Question 10

what is definition for Power

Answer 10

power is the rate at which energy is transferred or the rate at which work is done

1 Watts (W) is an energy transfer (or work done) of 1 J per second

Question 11

what effects if a building is well insulated.

Answer 11

thermal conductivity = higher the thermal conductivity of a material, the higher the rate of energy transfer by conduction across that material

Question 12

Describe all the changes involved in the way energy is stored for ▪ an object projected upwards

Answer 12

The object’s kinetic energy decreases as it rises, and it is transferred into gravitational potential energy. At the highest point, all the energy is stored as gravitational potential energy.

Question 13

Describe all the changes involved in the way energy is stored for ▪ a moving object hitting an obstacle

Answer 13

The kinetic energy of the object is transferred to sound energy, thermal energy, and potentially elastic potential energy if the object or obstacle deforms.

Question 14

Describe all the changes involved in the way energy is stored for ▪ an object accelerated by a constant force

Answer 14

The energy from a source (e.g., chemical energy in fuel or electrical energy) is transferred into the object’s kinetic energy as it speeds up.

Question 15

Describe all the changes involved in the way energy is stored for ▪ a vehicle slowing down

Answer 15

The kinetic energy of the vehicle is reduced as it is converted to thermal energy in the brakes and surrounding air due to friction.

Question 16

Describe all the changes involved in the way energy is stored for ▪ a kettle heating up water

Answer 16

Electrical energy from the power supply is transferred to thermal energy in the heating element, which is then transferred to the water, increasing its temperature.

Question 17

how to reduce thermal conductivity? (2)

Answer 17

Construct the building using materials with a low thermal conductivity

build a house with thick walls

Question 18

what are the sources of inaccuracy in the required practical 1 : specific heat capacity

Answer 18

thermal energy passing out of the beaker into the air

not all thermal energy passing into the oil

incorrect reading of thermometer

thermal energy not being spread through the oil
- stir the oil