Physics Lecture PT2

Question 1

What is electrostaticforce? (Coulomb Interaction)

Answer 1

Attractive or repulsive forces caused by a particles electric charges

Question 2

What is the nuclear force?

Answer 2

Major force that holds the atoms nucleus together

Question 3

What is atomic energy?

Answer 3

energy carried by atoms

Question 4

What is nuclear binding energy?

Answer 4

energy required to split a nuclleus of an atom (MEV)

Question 5

What is nuclear potential energy?

Answer 5

Potential energy of the particles inside an atomic nucleus

Question 6

What is a nuclear reaction?

Answer 6

A process in which nuclei or nuclear particles interact

Question 7

What is an ion?

Answer 7

Atoms with too many or few electrons

Question 8

What is a isotope?

Answer 8

Atoms with same number of protons but different number of neutrons. (same atomic # but different atomic mass #)

Question 9

What is a isobar?

Answer 9

Atoms that have same number of nucleons, but different number of protons and neutrons. (same atomic mass # but different atomic #)

Question 10

What is a Isomer?

Answer 10

Atom that have same number of protons and neutrons but different energy state (same atomic # and mass #)

Question 11

What is a isotone?

Answer 11

Atoms that have same number of neutrons but different number of protons

Question 12

What is a fuse?

Answer 12

Saftey device consisting of wire that melts and interupts the circuit

Question 13

What is a circuit breaker?

Answer 13

Switch that interrputs electrical current

Question 14

What is a electromagnetic induction?

Answer 14

electric current where some part of it is in a changing magnetic field.

Question 15

What is a anode?

Answer 15

A postivley charged electrode by which electrons leave a device

Question 16

What is electromagnetic radiation?

Answer 16

Oscillating electric and magnetic fields that travel in a vacume with the velocity of light

Question 17

From an atom where do Gamma rays and X-rays come from

Answer 17

1. Nucleus
2. Electron cloud

Question 18

What particle contains a helium nucleus that has 2 protons and 2 neutrons?

Answer 18

Alpha particle 4-7Kmv (energy lost quickly)

Question 19

What particle as a atomic mass of 0 and have one negative and positive charge?

Answer 19

Beta particles

Question 20

Where do beta particles originate?

Answer 20

Nuclei of radioactive atoms

Question 21

What is non-ionizing radiation?

Answer 21

radiation that does not ionize atomic or molecualr systems

Question 22

Characteristics of non-ionizing radiation?

Answer 22

1. Longer wave length
2. Lower frequency
3. Lower energy
   (ionizing rad is literally the opposite)

Question 23

Why can photons pass through dense material?

Answer 23

No mass to hit atoms or charge to attract other particles

Question 24

What is planks constant?

Answer 24

The relationship between the energy of a photon and its frequency and mass energy equivelance

Question 25

What is electromagnetic energy attenuation?

Answer 25

reduction of intensity from scattering absorption

Question 26

What are the 3 most important regions to radiologic science?

Answer 26

1. Visible light
2. Gamma radiaiton
3. Radio frequency

Question 27

Radioactivy is the same as?

Answer 27

Radioactive decay

Question 28

What is alpha decay?

Answer 28

Two protons and two neutrons bind together. Equivlent to a helium atom that has lost its two electrons

Question 29

Nuclei with an atomic number higher than ____ is considered unstable.

Answer 29

82

Question 30

What is beta+ decay?

Answer 30

Radioactive decay where each nucleus emits a positron and a neutrino

Question 31

What is electron capture?

Answer 31

Process where an atoms inner orbital electron is absorbed within the nucleus

Question 32

What are Auger elctrons?

Answer 32

electrons that are emitted from a higher level of energy falls into a vacany in an inner shell

Question 33

What is isomeric transition of gamma decay?

Answer 33

Disintergration of parent nucleus to a dughter, throught gamma ray emission

Question 34

What is the equation for inverse square law?

Answer 34

(I1/I2)=(D2/D1)^2 I=intesity D=distance

Question 35

Electromagnetic is inversely related to?

Answer 35

The square of the distance from the source

Question 36

What is coherent scattering? (Rayleigh)

Answer 36

When the energy of the x-ray or gamma photon is small in relation to the ionization energy of the atom. (NO ENERGY IS DEPOSITED)

Question 37

What is photoelectric scattering?

Answer 37

When a photon interacts with inner shell electron and removes it

Question 38

What is compton scattering?

Answer 38

The main cause of scattered radiation in a material. Occurs during the interaction of the photon or gamma particles with free electrons

Question 39

What does the pair production result in?

Answer 39

The complete attenuation of the incidene photon

Question 40

What is photo disintergration?

Answer 40

The reaction in which the photon strikes the nucleus of the target atom and is absorbed

Question 41

What are elastic collisions?

Answer 41

Collisions where no kinetic energy is lost. And electrons give all energy to particles encountered.

Question 42

What are inelastic collisons?

Answer 42

Collisions where kinetic energy is lost. And electrons only give some of its energy to encountered particles.

Question 43

What are heavy charged particle interactions?

Answer 43

When charged particles medium and intenstiy fall to zero after a finite range

Question 44

What are electron interactions.

Answer 44

When charged particles lose their energy while pasing through the target medium. Electrons lose little energy

Question 45

What are neuton interactions?

Answer 45

When neutrons interact with nuclei of atoms and lose their energy during the collision.