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Year 9 > Physics GCSE Unit 1: Energy > Flashcards

Physics GCSE Unit 1: Energy Flashcards

1
Q

What is a system?

A

A system is an object or group of objects that interact.

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2
Q

What happens when a system changes?

A

When a system changes, the way energy is stored also changes.

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3
Q

What are the eight energy stores?

A

Kinetic
Thermal
Chemical
Elastic potential
Gravitational potential
Electrostatic
Magnetic
Nuclear.

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4
Q

What objects store kinetic energy?

A

Moving objects store kinetic energy.

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5
Q

What objects store thermal energy?

A

All objects store thermal energy.

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6
Q

What objects store chemical energy?

A

Any object that can release energy during a chemical reaction.

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7
Q

What objects store elastic potential energy?

A

Any object that is stretched.

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8
Q

What objects contain gravitation potential energy?

A

Any object that is raised.

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9
Q

What objects contain electrostatic energy?

A

Any object with charges that attract or repel.

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10
Q

What objects contain magnetic energy?

A

Magnets that attract or repel.

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11
Q

What are the four methods of energy transfer?

A

Mechanical (when work is done)
Electrical (when moving charges do work)
Heating (Energy transferring from a hotter object to a colder object0
Waves (such as light or infra-red)

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12
Q

What is the equation for thermal energy?

A

Energy (J) = mass (kg) x specific heat capacity (j/kgdegC) x Temperature Change (degC)

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13
Q

Define Specific Heat Capacity.

A

Specific Heat Capacity is the energy required to raise the temperature of 1kg of a substance by 1degC.

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14
Q

What is the equation for Elastic Potential Energy?

A

Elastic potential energy (J) = 1/2 x spring constant (n/kg) x extension (m2).

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15
Q

What is the equation for Kinetic Energy?

A

Kinetic energy (J) = 1/2 x mass (kg) x velocity2 (m/s)

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16
Q

What is the equation for Gravitational Potential Energy?

A

GPE (J) = mass (kg) x gravitational field strength (n/kg) x height (m).

17
Q

What is work done?

A

Work done is the amount of energy transferred.

18
Q

What is power?

A

Power is the rate of energy transfer (the amount of work done in a period of time).

19
Q

What is the equation for power?

A

Power (W) = Energy transferred (j) / Time taken (s) = Work done (J)) / Time taken (s)

20
Q

What is the equation for Efficiency?

A

Efficiency = Useful Energy Output / Total Energy Input

21
Q

How can the efficiency of a system be increased?

A

Reducing waste output (thermal insulation)
Recycling waste output

22
Q

How does lubrication reduce energy waste?

A

Lubrication reduces friction so less energy is lost as heat.

23
Q

What does thermal insulation do?

A

Thermal insulation prevents the loss of more thermal energy.

24
Q

Why are metals good conductors?

A

Metals are good conductors as they have delocalised electrons that can more easily transfer heat.

25
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of solar energy?

A

Advantages: Renewable, no pollution, reliable in sunny countries.

Disadvantages: Lots of energy needed to build, only works during the day, less reliable in cloudier countries.

26
Q

What does the solar energy resource use to produce energy?

A

It uses sunlight.

27
Q

What does the geothermal energy resource use to produce energy?

A

It use energy of hot rocks.

28
Q

What does the wind energy resource use to produce energy?

A

Turbines.

29
Q

What does the hydroelectric energy resource use to produce energy?

A

A dam.

30
Q

What does the wave power energy resource use to produce energy?

A

Wave powered turbines.

31
Q

What do tidal barrages use to generate energy?

A

Big dams across rivers.

32
Q

What do biofuels use to produce energy?

A

Burning of biofuel (such as plants).

Year 9 (10 decks)

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