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FRCA Notes > Physics Facts > Flashcards

Physics Facts Flashcards

1
Q

What is the worst frequency for electric shocks?

A

50Hz

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2
Q

What current is a microshock?

A

100-150 µA

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3
Q

What would a current of 1 - 5 mA cause?

A

Tingling

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4
Q

What would a current of 5-10 mA cause?

A

Pain

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5
Q

What would a current of 15 mA cause?

A

Can’t let go

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6
Q

What would a current of 50mA cause?

A

Respiratory arrest

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7
Q

What would a current of 100 mA cause?

A

VF

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8
Q

What is the maximum leakage current for 1B equipment?

A

500 µA

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9
Q

What is the max leakage current for type 2B equipment?

A

100 µA

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10
Q

What is the max leakage current for 1BF equipment?

A

500 µA

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11
Q

What is the max leakage current for 2BF equipment?

A

100 µA

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12
Q

What is the max leakage current for 1CF equipment?

A

50 µA

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13
Q

What is the max leakage current for 2CF equipment?

A

10 µA

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14
Q

What is the wavelength of red light?

A

660 nm

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15
Q

What is the visible spectrum of light wavelengths?

A

400 - 700 nm

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16
Q

What is the wavelength of infrared light?

A

940 nm

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17
Q

What are the isobestic points?

A

590 and 805 nm

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18
Q

What is the pulsatile component of pulse oximetry?

A

2% total absorbance

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19
Q

What is an alpha particle?

A

2N + 2E

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20
Q

What is a beta particle?

A

E

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21
Q

What is a gamma ray

A

>1019 Hz

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22
Q

What is the frequency of Xrays?

A

1013 to 1019 Hz

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23
Q

What is the wavelength of CO2 (infrared) lasers?

A

10600 nm

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24
Q

What is the wavelength of ND-YAG (red) lasers?

A

1200 nm (vascular)

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25
Q

What is the wavelength of argon (blue-green) lasers?

A

500 nm (retinal)

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26
Q

What is the maximum flow rate of a 22G cannula?

A

40 ml/min

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27
Q

What is the maximum flow rate of a 20G cannula?

A

70 ml/min

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28
Q

What is the maximum flow rate of a 18G cannula?

A

110ml/min

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29
Q

What is the maximum flow rate of a 16G cannula?

A

240ml/min

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30
Q

What is the maximum flow rate of a 14G cannula?

A

270ml/min

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31
Q

What is the frequency of deep US?

A

2-4 MHz

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32
Q

What is the frequency of detailed US?

A

4 - 10 MHz

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33
Q

What is the frequency of diathermy?

A

1 - 5 MHz

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34
Q

What is the mains frequency in UK?

A

50Hz

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35
Q

What is the frequency of an A-line?

A

0.5 - 40 Hz

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36
Q

What is the frequency response of an ECG?

A

0.5 - 80Hz

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37
Q

What’s the sweep speed of an ECG?

A

25 mm/s

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38
Q

Whats the calibration of an ECG?

A

1 mV/cm

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39
Q

What is CM5 sensitivity?

A

90% ST changes in LV

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40
Q

Where do the leads go in CM5 configuration?

A

Red - Manubrium

Yellow - V5

Green - left shoulder

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41
Q

What size filter is on a blood giving set?

A

200 µm

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42
Q

What size filter on a standard giving set?

A

15 µm

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43
Q

What size filter on a filter needle?

A

5 µm

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44
Q

What size filter on an epidural and HME?

A

0.2 µm

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45
Q

What size filter for viruses?

A

< 0.1 µm

46
Q

What size filter for bacteria?

A

1 µm

47
Q

What size filter for platelets?

A

2 µm

48
Q

What size filter for RBCs?

A

7 µm (deform at 3 µm)

49
Q

What size filter will remove WBCs?

A

10 µm

50
Q

What are the electrodes in a galvanic fuel cell?

A

Gold

Lead

Potassium hydroxide

51
Q

What are the electrodes in a Clark (polarographic)?

A

Platinum

Silver

Potassium Chloride

52
Q

What electrodes does a CO2 (severinghaus) electrode have?

A

Glass

Silver

HCO3

53
Q

What are the infrared spectroscopy wavelengths of volatiles?

A

8-9 µm IR

54
Q

What are the IR spectroscopy wavelengths of H2O, N2O and CO2?

A

H2O 4.6 µm IR

N2O 4.5 µm IR

CO2 4.3 µm IR

55
Q

What is the temperature in a VIE?

A

-150 C

56
Q

What is the pressure in VIE?

A

7 bar

57
Q

What is the blow off valve pressure in a VIE?

A

15 bar

58
Q

What is the VIE capacity?

A

14 days

59
Q

What is the ratio of O2 liquid: gas in the VIE?

A

1:842 (15C and 1 atm)

60
Q

What is the pipeline pressure of O2?

A

4.1 bar

61
Q

What is the O2 pipeline made of?

A

Copper

62
Q

What are O2 cylinders made of?

A

Molybdenum steel

63
Q

What is the cylinder max pressure?

A

Working + 70%

64
Q

What size are the scavenging connections of the anaesthetic machine?

A

30mm

65
Q

What size are the breathing connectors in the anaesthetic machine?

A

15 + 22 mm

66
Q

What is the max pressure of the APL valve?

A

60 cmH2O

67
Q

What is the minimum pressure of the APL valve?

A

0.5cmH20 / 50 Pa

68
Q

What is the reservoir bag capacity? (adult)

A

2 L

69
Q

What is the max pressure delivered by the reservoir bag?

A

40cm H2O

70
Q

What flow does the O2 flush deliver?

A

35 - 75 l/min

71
Q

What pressure is the vaporizer relief valve?

A

35 kPa

72
Q

What does the O2 alarm do on the anaesthetic machine?

A

60 dB for 7s at 2 bar

73
Q

What is the voltage of a defibrillator?

A

5000V DC

74
Q

What is the cardiac impedence of a defibrillator?

A

50 Ω

75
Q

What is the internal defib energy?

A

5 - 40J

76
Q

What humidity can an HME filter create?

A

60-70% RH at 34°C

77
Q

What humidity can a hot water bath create (40°C)?

A

100% RH and 37°C

78
Q

What speed is a mercury thermometer?

A

2-3 mins

79
Q

What is the max and min temperatures of a mercury thermometer?

A

-39 to 270°C

80
Q

What is the speed of a thermocouple thermometer?

A

0.1 - 15s

81
Q

What are the COSHH limits for halothane?

A

10 ppm

82
Q

What are the COSHH limits for volatiles (other than halothane)?

A

50 ppm

83
Q

What are the COSHH limits for nitrous oxide?

A

100 ppm

84
Q

What is an O2 concentrator composed of?

A

95% O2

5% Argon

85
Q

What is the suction vacuum?

A

25 L/min

86
Q

What must a suction perform?

A

-500 mmHg in 10s

87
Q

What is the central vacuum?

A

40 L/min

88
Q

What is optimal damping?

A

0.64 critical

89
Q

What is the flux of MRI?

A

<2 tesla

90
Q

What is the size of droplets in the alveoli?

A

1 µm

91
Q

What is the size of droplets in the trachea?

A

5 µm

92
Q

What is the voltage of the nerve stimulator?

A

150V

93
Q

How often does the theatre air change?

A

15-20 x per hour

94
Q

What is the deadspace of the facemask?

A

Up to 200ml

95
Q

What is Euler’s number?

A

2.718

96
Q

What is pressure of 1 bar converted to in kPa/ mmHg/ cmH2O?

A

1 bar = 100kPa = 750 mmHg = 1020 cmH2O = 15 psi

97
Q

What methods of capnography measurement are there?

A
  • IR spectroscopy
  • mass spectrometry
  • raman scattering
98
Q

What methods of O2 measurement are there?

A
  • pulsed field paramagnetic (fast)
  • pauling paramagnetic (slow)
  • fuel cell (20-30s)
  • clark electrode (20s)
  • mass spectrometry
  • raman scattering
99
Q

How can volatiles be measured?

A
  • IR spectroscopy
  • mass spectrometry
  • raman scattering
  • piezoelectric
  • UV (halothane)
100
Q

Describe the features of an Epidural needle.

A
  • 10.5cm Tuohy needle
  • 8cm needle
  • 2.5cm hub
  • Huber point at 20° to shaft
  • 90cm catheter
  • 2 or 3 side ports, closed rounded tip
101
Q

What types of spinal needle are there?

A
  • cutting: Quinke & Yale
  • atraumatic: Whittacre and Sprotte
  • normally 9-10 cm
102
Q

What is the incidence of PDPH after using 20G and 26G needles?

A

20G 30%

26G 1%

103
Q

What will cause errors in SaO2 measurement?

A
  • CoHb (falsely high)
  • MetHb (towards 85%)
  • IV dyes
  • movement artefact
  • nail varnish
  • reduced peripheral perfusion
  • sats <70% (extrapolated)
  • ambient light
104
Q

What is soda lime made of?

A
  • 80% calcium hydroxide
  • 4% sodium hydroxide
  • 15% water
  • 1% salicylates/dye
105
Q

How much CO2 does 1kg absorb?

A

250L CO2

106
Q

What can be used for cleaning?

A
  • detergent
  • US bath
  • low temp steam
107
Q

What are methods of disinfection?

A
  • pasteurization
  • alcohol
  • chlorhexidine
  • hydrogen peroxide (HL)
  • gluteraldehyde 2% 20mins (HL)
108
Q

What are methods of sterilization?

A
  • autoclave
  • ethylene oxide
  • gluteraldehyde 2% 10hrs
  • gas plasma
109
Q

What is Avogadro’s law?

A

One mole of gas contains 6 x 1023 atoms and occupies 22.4 L at STP. One mole of solute in 22.4 L solution at 0°C exerts an osmotic pressure of 1 atm.

110
Q

What are the %s for the different standard deviations?

A

±1 = 68%

±1.96 = 95%

±2 = 95.7%

±3 = 99.7%

111
Q
A

FRCA Notes (5 decks)

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