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FRCA Notes > Lexi's Physics Qs > Flashcards

Lexi's Physics Qs Flashcards

1
Q

When using a flow-directed, balloon-tipped, pulmonary artery catheter (Swan-Ganz)

  1. There is direct measurement of the left atrial pressure
  2. Once in place, the balloon is left inflated to prevent displacement
  3. Wedge pressure is approximately equal to the left ventricular end diastolic pressure
  4. The volume of the balloon is 5ml
  5. Pressure should be measured at the end expiration
A

FFTFT

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2
Q

The following methods have been used to assess depth of anaesthesia

  1. Isolated forearm technique
  2. Sensory Evoked Potentials
  3. Lower oesophageal sphincter contractility
  4. Train of Four Stimulation
  5. Transthoracic impedence measurement of cardiac output
A

TTFFF

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3
Q

The hazard of micro shock in hospital can be reduced by the use of

  1. Isolated (floating) power supply
  2. Saline-filled intracardiac catheters
  3. Battery powered appliances
  4. Multiple earth paths
  5. Large area diathermy plates
A

TFFFF

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4
Q

The following are true

  1. The application of logarithms will simplify all arithmetic manipulations
  2. A logarithmic function is a power function
  3. A graphical representation of y=ax+c is a straight line
  4. A clinical measurement that is used in monitoring is termed a parameter
  5. If the product of two variables is a constant then the relationship is hyperbolic
A

FTTTT

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5
Q

In a time cycled ventilator providing constant pressure generation during the inspiratory phase

  1. A source driving gas at four bar is required
  2. The tidal volume is largely unaffected by leaks around the trachea tube
  3. And exponential inspiratory flow waveform is produced
  4. The tidal volume is unaffected by changes in lung compliance
  5. The peak inspiratory pressure is an indication of airway resistance
A

FTTFF

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6
Q

Humidity may be measured by

  1. Mass spectrometry
  2. Chromatography
  3. Weighing
  4. Changes in length of biological tissue
  5. Detection of a dew point
A

TTFTT

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7
Q

Helium

  1. Has a similar viscosity to oxygen
  2. Is stored as a liquid in cylinders
  3. When inhaled causes voice changes
  4. Usefully decreases the work of breathing in bronchospasm
  5. Support combustion
A

TFTTF

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8
Q

Blood transfusion

  1. May result in hypokalaemia with rapid transfusion in hyperkalaemic patients
  2. May result in hypocalcaemia
  3. Should be warmed to 42°C
  4. May result in metabolic alkalosis
  5. PH of stored blood is 7.4
A

TTFTF

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9
Q

The systolic BP maybe overestimated by sphygnomanometry if

  1. The patient’s arm is very fat
  2. The cuff deflated too slowly
  3. Measurements are made at half minute intervals
  4. Too narrow a cuff is used
  5. The sphygmomanometer is at a higher level than the arm
A

TFFTF

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10
Q

TEC 6 vaporisers

  1. Requires an electrical supply
  2. Can be used for Sevoflurane
  3. Are accurate with flow rates for up to 10 L/m
  4. Cannot be filled when in use
  5. Are calibrated up to 18% of volatile agent
A

TFTFT

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11
Q

The laryngeal mask (LM)

  1. Is safe to be used in patients with latex sensitivity
  2. Is suitable for use in neonates
  3. Allows near-normal respiratory physiology with spontaneous ventilation
  4. Can be accidentally inserted into the oesophagus
  5. Can be used safely with a full stomach
A

TTTFF

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12
Q

Lasers are safe to use for an ENT procedure with

  1. Nitrogen
  2. Jet ventilation
  3. A standard Flexi-metallic tracheal tube
  4. A tracheal cuff filled with water
  5. Helium
A

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13
Q

With surgical diathermy

  1. Direct current is required
  2. Current frequency is typically more than 1 MHz
  3. Heat produced is proportional to current density
  4. Bipolar diathermy is more powerful than monopolar diathermy
  5. Bipolar diathermy is contraindicated in patinets with a cardiac peacemaker
A

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14
Q

Lung function tests

  1. An FEV1/FEV ratio of more than 65% is normal
  2. Carbon Dioxide is used to calculate the gas transfer factor
  3. FRC can be measured by helium dilution spirometry
  4. Closing capacity is always larger than closing volume
  5. Total lung capacity can be measured by plethysmography
A

FFTTT

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15
Q

With regards to monitoring of neuromuscular block

  1. The diaphragm and laryngeal muscles are more sensitive to relaxants than the abductor pollicis muscle
  2. The diaphragm and laryngeal muscles recover more quickly than the abductor pollicis muscle
  3. The nerve stimulator used to monitor neuromuscular block delivers a biphasic wave
  4. Double burst ‘fade’ is more readily detectable by visual means than train-of-four fade
  5. Depolarizing block is characterized by post-tetanic potentiation
A

FTFTF

-Recovery of neuromuscular function at the end of any procedure is best reflected at the adductor pollicis muscle where neuromuscular transmission is last restored

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16
Q

Applications of the doppler effect in clinical practice involves a measurement of a change in:

  1. Electrical conductivity of a moving stream of blood
  2. Frequency response of the arterial wall
  3. Frequency of reflective ultrasonic waves
  4. Temperature of blood as it resultsmoves peripherally
  5. Harmonic waves of reflected arterial pulse
A

FFTTT

17
Q

Colligative properties include or explain

  1. The behavior of azeotropes
  2. The depression of freezing point of a solvent by a solute
  3. The miscibility of different liquids
  4. The coanda effect
  5. The effect of centrifugation on cell fractionation
A
18
Q

Concerning the cryoprobe

  1. Cooling is an adiabatic process
  2. Rapid gas expansion from a capillary tube produces a fall in temperature
  3. Cooling is due to internal energy resulting from gas extension
  4. Carbon dioxide is a suitable gas routine use
  5. Tip temperatures as low as -90°C are required for efficient use
A
19
Q

In a circle system

  1. The capacity of the carbon dioxide absorption canister should be equal to the tidal volume
  2. a single unidirectional valve is sufficient
  3. A vaporizer is required in the circuit
  4. The reservoir bag volume is not important to ensure efficient ventilation
  5. The APL valve should be correctly placed between the fresh gas flow and the patient
A
20
Q

The following are transducers in measurement

  1. pH meter
  2. ECG electrode
  3. Ear oximeter
  4. Fuel cell
  5. Strain gauge
A
21
Q

The following involve the use of transducers

  1. Strain gauge
  2. ECG electrode
  3. pH electrode
  4. Clark electrode
  5. Pneumotachography
A
22
Q

The following are true of variable orifice flowmeters

  1. The pressure across the bobbin is independent of flow rate
  2. Both the density and the viscosity of the gas are important for calibration
  3. The flow meter must be slightly inclined to the vertical to prevent sticking of the bobbin
  4. The bobbin has slots to reduce resistance to flow
  5. Electrostatic charges may build up during use
A
23
Q

Laser resistant tracheal tubes

  1. May have two cuffs
  2. Have a cuff that should be filled with air
  3. May have a flexible silicone body
  4. Do not withstand the effect of carbon dioxide lasers
  5. Reduce the laser strike to healthy tissues by defocusing the reflected beam
A
24
Q

An infrared analyser to measure isoflurane concentration

  1. Is subject to inaccurate readings due to presence of water vapour
  2. Must be calibrated if other anaesthhetic agents are used
  3. Commonly uses wavelengths of 9-12 micron
  4. Contains optical filters
  5. When used within a circle system, can return the sample to the breathing system
A
25
Q

Stimulators used for regional nerve blocks

  1. Has a positive lead connected to the needle probe
  2. Use a current of approximately 10mA
  3. Will still function if the patient is paralysed with drugs
  4. Stimulate for approximately 1 second at a time
  5. Can all be used for detection of neuromuscular blockade
A
26
Q

A Boyle’s bottle

  1. Is available in one size only
  2. Is temperature compensated
  3. Is calibrated from 0 to 10%
  4. Has all the fresh gas passing through it when fully on
  5. May be used with desflurane
A
27
Q

​With regard to MRI and CT head scans

  1. the time taken to perform the scans is similar
  2. the image plane is vertical for MRI but transverse for CT
  3. MRI is more accurate for diagnosing demyelinating disease
  4. Ionising radiation is used in CT scanning
  5. MRI results in less patient discomfort than CT
A
28
Q

A pulmonary artery balloon flotation catheter

  1. Can measure pulmonary artery wedge pressure
  2. Directly measures systemic vascular resistance
  3. Can be used to measure mixed venous oxygen saturations
  4. May be inaccurate because of back flow
  5. Can cause a pulmonary infarct
A
29
Q

Gas properties that influence resistance during laminar flow include

  1. Critical temperature
  2. Viscosity
  3. Density
  4. Diffusion rate
  5. Molecular weight
A
30
Q

With regards to transoesophageal echocardiograph (TOE)

  1. Distal oesophagus is parallel with the aorta
  2. Use of diathermy is dangerous
  3. Ventricular wall motion abnormalities can be detected
  4. Assessment of stroke volume is possible
  5. Assessment of afterload can be made
A
31
Q

Approximate normal atmospheric pressure

  1. 760mmHg
  2. 1000kPa
  3. 1000cmH2O
  4. 1000 millibar
  5. 14.7 lb. per square inch
A
32
Q

The Blease-Manley MP3 ventilator

  1. Is a minute volume divider
  2. Is a constant flow generator
  3. Is time-cycled
  4. Is suitable for IPPV in the asthmatic
  5. May cause rotameter inaccuracy
A
33
Q
A

FRCA Notes (5 decks)

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